Nonadiabatic tunneling in circularly polarized laser fields: Derivation of formulas

Abstract

We provide detailed analysis of strong field ionization of degenerate valence p orbitals by circularly polarized fields. Our analytical approach is conceptually equivalent to the Perelomov, Popov, and Terent'ev (PPT) theory and is virtually exact for short range potentials. After benchmarking our results against the PPT theory for s orbitals, we obtain the results for p orbitals. We also show that, as long as the dipole approximation is valid, both the PPT method and our results are gauge invariant, in contrast with widely used strong field approximation (SFA). Our main result, which has already been briefly outlined in [I. Barth and O. Smirnova, Phys. Rev. A 84, 063415 (2011)], is that strong field ionization preferentially removes electrons counter-rotating to the circularly polarized laser field. The result is illustrated using the example of Kr atom. Strong, up to one order of magnitude, sensitivity of strong field ionization to the sense of electron rotation in the initial state is one of the key signatures of non-adiabatic regime of strong field ionization.

42 pages, 3 figures

References in corpus (2)

• Strong Field Ionization Rate for Arbitrary Laser Frequencies
• Analytical results for a Bessel function times Legendre polynomials class integrals

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• Sideband Modulation by Sub-Cycle Interference
• Conservation laws for Electron Vortices in Strong-Field Ionisation
• Laser-driven relativistic tunneling from p-states
• Propensity rules for photoelectron circular dichroism in strong field ionization of chiral molecules
• Electron rotational asymmetry in strong-field photodetachment from F${}^{-}$ by circularly polarized laser pulses
• Exploring symmetries in photoelectron holography with two-color linearly polarized fields
• Ultrafast preparation and strong-field ionization of an atomic Bell-like state
• Polarization control of attosecond pulses using bi-chromatic elliptically polarized laser
• Ionization and excitation of low-lying circular states of the hydrogen atom in strong circularly polarized laser fields