A local fluctuation theorem for large systems

Abstract

The fluctuation theorem characterizes the distribution of the dissipation in nonequilibrium systems and proves that the average dissipation will be positive. For a large system with no external source of fluctuation, fluctuations in properties will become unobservable and details of the fluctuation theorem are unable to be explored. In this letter, we consider such a situation and show how a fluctuation theorem can be obtained for a small open subsystem within the large system. We find that a correction term has to be added to the large system fluctuation theorem due to correlation of the subsystem with the surroundings. Its analytic expression can be derived provided some general assumptions are fulfilled, and its relevance it checked using numerical simulations.

5 pages, 5 figures; revised and supplementary material included

References in corpus (5)

• A Gallavotti-Cohen Type Symmetry in the Large Deviation Functional for Stochastic Dynamics
• A fluidized granular medium as an instance of the Fluctuation Theorem
• Experimental test of the Gallavotti-Cohen fluctuation theorem in turbulent flows
• The Steady State Fluctuation Relation for the Dissipation Function
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