Heat bounds and the blowtorch theorem
arXiv:1207.1122 · doi:10.1007/s00023-012-0214-8
Abstract
We study driven systems with possible population inversion and we give optimal bounds on the relative occupations in terms of released heat. A precise meaning to Landauer's blowtorch theorem (1975) is obtained stating that nonequilibrium occupations are essentially modified by kinetic effects. Towards very low temperatures we apply a Freidlin-Wentzel type analysis for continuous time Markov jump processes. It leads to a definition of dominant states in terms of both heat and escape rates.
11 pages; v2: minor changes, 1 reference added
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