A 95 GHz Class I Methanol Maser Survey Toward A Sample of GLIMPSE Point Sources Associated with BGPS Clumps

Abstract

We report a survey with the Purple Mountain Observatory (PMO) 13.7-m radio telescope for class I methanol masers from the 95 GHz (8_0 - 7_1 A^+) transition. The 214 target sources were selected by combining information from both the Spitzer GLIMPSE and 1.1 mm BGPS survey catalogs. The observed sources satisfy both the GLIMPSE mid-IR criteria of [3.6]-[4.5]>1.3, [3.6]-[5.8]>2.5, [3.6]-[8.0]>2.5 and 8.0 um magnitude less than 10, and also have an associated 1.1 mm BGPS source. Class I methanol maser emission was detected in 63 sources, corresponding to a detection rate of 29% for this survey. For the majority of detections (43), this is the first identification of a class I methanol maser associated with these sources. We show that the intensity of the class I methanol maser emission is not closely related to mid-IR intensity or the colors of the GLIMPSE point sources, however, it is closely correlated with properties (mass and beam-averaged column density) of the BGPS sources. Comparison of measures of star formation activity for the BGPS sources with and without class I methanol masers indicate that the sources with class I methanol masers usually have higher column density and larger flux density than those without them. Our results predict that the criteria log(S_{int})<-38.0+1.72log(N_{H_{2}}^{beam}) and log(N_{H_{2}}^{beam})>22.1, which utilizes both the integrated flux density (S_{int}) and beam-averaged column density (N_{H_{2}}^{beam}) of the BGPS sources, are very efficient for selecting sources likely to have an associated class I methanol maser. Our expectation is that searches using these criteria will detect 90% of the predicted number of class I methanol masers from the full BGPS catalog (~ 1000), and do so with a high detection efficiency (~75%).

Accepted for publication in ApJ Supplement. 58 pages, 12 figures, 7 tables

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Cited by in corpus (19)

• The Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey IX: Data Release 2 and Outer Galaxy Extension
• Online Database of Class I Methanol Masers
• A New 95 GHz Methanol Maser Catalog: I. Data
• A search for water masers associated with class II methanol masers - II. Longitude range 341${}^{\circ }$ to 6${}^{\circ }$
• A search for water masers associated with class II methanol masers - I. Longitude range 6 to 20 degrees
• A search for 95 GHz class I methanol masers in molecular outflows
• Simultaneous observation of water and class I methanol masers toward class II methanol maser sources
• VLA Survey of Dense Gas in Extended Green Objects: Prevalence of 25 GHz Methanol Masers
• MALT-45: A 7mm survey of the southern Galaxy - II. ATCA follow-up observations of 44GHz class I methanol masers
• Simultaneous Survey of Water and Class I Methanol Masers toward Red MSX Sources
• Distribution of HNCO 5${}_{05}-4_{04}$ in Massive Star-forming Regions
• 44 GHz methanol masers: Observations toward 95 GHz methanol masers
• The physical parameters of clumps associated with class I methanol masers
• ATLASGAL: 3-mm class I methanol masers in high-mass star formation regions
• SOFIA {\it FORCAST} Photometry of 12 Extended Green Objects in the Milky Way
• Astrophysical constraints on the proton-to-electron mass ratio with FAST
• Redshifted methanol absorption tracing infall motions of high-mass star formation regions
• Comparison of three Statistical Classification Techniques for Maser Identification
• A 95 GHz Methanol Emission Survey Toward Eight Small Supernova Remnants