Controlling the Frequency-Temperature Sensitivity of a Cryogenic Sapphire Maser Frequency Standard by Manipulating Fe3+ Spins in the Sapphire Lattice

Abstract

To create a stable signal from a cryogenic sapphire maser frequency standard, the frequency-temperature dependence of the supporting Whispering Gallery mode must be annulled. We report the ability to control this dependence by manipulating the paramagnetic susceptibility of Fe3+ ions in the sapphire lattice. We show that the maser signal depends on other Whispering Gallery modes tuned to the pump signal near 31 GHz, and the annulment point can be controlled to exist between 5 to 10 K depending on the Fe3+ ion concentration and the frequency of the pump. This level of control has not been achieved previously, and will allow improvements in the stability of such devices.

17 pages, 10 figures

References in corpus (6)

• Strong Coupling of a Spin Ensemble to a Superconducting Resonator
• High cooperativity coupling of electron-spin ensembles to superconducting cavities
• Magnetic strong coupling in a spin-photon system and transition to classical regime
• High Q-factor Sapphire Whispering Gallery Mode Microwave Resonator at Single Photon Energies and milli-Kelvin Temperatures
• Measurement of fundamental thermal noise limit in a cryogenic sapphire frequency standard using bimodal maser oscillations
• Single Crystal Sapphire at milli-Kelvin Temperatures: Observation of Electromagnetically Induced Thermal Bistability in High Q-factor Whispering Gallery Modes

Cited by in corpus (4)

• Spin-Photon Interaction in a Cavity with Time-Reversal Symmetry Breaking
• Frequency Conversion in a High Q-factor Sapphire Whispering Gallery Mode Resonator due to Paramagnetic Nonlinearity
• Spin bath maser in a cryogenically cooled sapphire whispering gallery mode resonator
• Low-Temperature Microwave Properties of Biaxial YAlO3