The first X-ray survey of Galactic Luminous Blue Variables

Abstract

Aims: The X-ray emission of massive stars has been studied when these objects are in their main-sequence phase, as well as in their Wolf-Rayet phase. However, the X-ray properties of the transitional Luminous Blue Variable (LBV) phase remain unknown. Methods: Using a dedicated but limited XMM survey as well as archival XMM and Chandra observations, we performed the first X-ray survey of LBVs: about half of the known LBVs or candidate LBVs are studied. Results: Apart from the well known X-ray sources eta Car and Cyg OB2 #12, four additional LBVs are detected in this survey, though some doubt remains on the association with the X-ray source for two of these. For the other LBVs, upper limits on the flux were derived, down to $\log [L_{\mathrm{X}}/L_{\mathrm{BOL}}]-9.4$ for PCyg. This variety in the strength of the X-ray emission is discussed, with particular emphasis on the potential influence of binarity.

13 pages, 2 figures, accepted by A&A

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• The first X-ray survey of Galactic Luminous Blue Variables
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• First detection of phase-dependent colliding wind X-ray emission outside the Milky Way
• High resolution optical spectroscopy of an LBV-candidate inside the CygOB2 association

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