Continuous-Variable Quantum Key Distribution using Thermal States

Abstract

We consider the security of continuous-variable quantum key distribution using thermal (or noisy) Gaussian resource states. Specifically, we analyze this against collective Gaussian attacks using direct and reverse reconciliation where both protocols use either homodyne or heterodyne detection. We show that in the case of direct reconciliation with heterodyne detection, an improved robustness to channel noise is achieved when large amounts of preparation noise is added, as compared to the case when no preparation noise is added. We also consider the theoretical limit of infinite preparation noise and show a secure key can still be achieved in this limit provided the channel noise is less than the preparation noise. Finally, we consider the security of quantum key distribution at various electromagnetic wavelengths and derive an upper bound related to an entanglement-breaking eavesdropping attack and discuss the feasibility of microwave quantum key distribution.

12 pages, 11 figures. Updated from published version with some minor corrections

References in corpus (11)

• Gaussian Quantum Information
• Resolving photon number states in a superconducting circuit
• Unconditional optimality of Gaussian attacks against continuous-variable QKD
• Optimality of Gaussian Attacks in Continuous Variable Quantum Cryptography
• Generating Single Microwave Photons in a Circuit
• A de Finetti representation theorem for infinite dimensional quantum systems and applications to quantum cryptography
• Symplectic invariants, entropic measures and correlations of Gaussian states
• Continuous Variable Quantum Cryptography using Two-Way Quantum Communication
• Direct and Reverse Secret-Key Capacities of a Quantum Channel
• Characterization of Collective Gaussian Attacks and Security of Coherent-State Quantum Cryptography
• Continuous-variable quantum key distribution protocols over noisy channels

Cited by in corpus (68)

• Advances in Quantum Cryptography
• General Benchmarks for Quantum Repeaters
• Fundamental Limits of Repeaterless Quantum Communications
• Practical challenges in quantum key distribution
• Microwave Quantum Illumination
• Quantum Illumination at the Microwave Wavelengths
• High-rate quantum cryptography in untrusted networks
• Continuous-Variable Quantum Key Distribution with Gaussian Modulation -- The Theory of Practical Implementations
• Distributing Secret Keys with Quantum Continuous Variables: Principle, Security and Implementations
• Analysis of Imperfections in Practical Continuous-Variable Quantum Key Distribution
• Local oscillator fluctuation opens a loophole for Eve in practical continuous-variable quantum-key-distribution systems
• Continuous-variable quantum key distribution system: past, present, and future
• Quantum discord as a resource for quantum cryptography
• Satellite-Based Continuous-Variable Quantum Communications: State-of-the-Art and a Predictive Outlook
• Theory of channel simulation and bounds for private communication
• Trusted Noise in Continuous-Variable Quantum Key Distribution: a Threat and a Defense
• Continuous-variable measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution using squeezed states
• Composable security for continuous variable quantum key distribution: Trust levels and practical key rates in wired and wireless networks
• Finite size analysis of measurement device independent quantum cryptography with continuous variables
• Two-way quantum cryptography at different wavelengths
• Continuous-variable quantum cryptography with an untrusted relay: Detailed security analysis of the symmetric configuration
• Pilot-assisted intradyne reception for high-speed continuous-variable quantum key distribution with true local oscillator
• Terahertz Quantum Cryptography
• Continuous-variable quantum key distribution in fast fading channels
• Multi-channel parallel continuous variable quantum key distribution with Gaussian modulation
• Continuous-variable quantum cryptography with discrete alphabets: Composable security under collective Gaussian attacks
• Parameter estimation with almost no public communication for continuous-variable quantum key distribution
• General immunity and superadditivity of two-way Gaussian quantum cryptography
• Polarization attack on continuous-variable quantum key distribution
• Modular network for high-rate quantum conferencing
• Quantum key distribution with phase-encoded coherent states: Asymptotic security analysis in thermal-loss channels
• Enhancement of the security of a practical continuous-variable quantum-key-distribution system by manipulating the intensity of the local oscillator
• Continuous-variable quantum key distribution with a leakage from state preparation
• Unidimensional continuous-variable quantum key distribution using squeezed states
• Preventing side-channel effects in continuous-variable quantum key distribution
• Noiseless Linear Amplifiers in Entanglement-Based Continuous-Variable Quantum Key Distribution
• Two-way covert quantum communication in the microwave regime
• Entanglement-based continuous-variable quantum key distribution with multimode states and detectors
• Trusted Node QKD at an Electrical Utility
• Gaussian one-way thermal quantum cryptography with finite-size effects
• Inter-satellite Quantum Key Distribution at Terahertz Frequencies
• Source monitoring for continuous-variable quantum key distribution
• Perspectives of microwave quantum key distribution in open-air
• Secret key capacity of the thermal-loss channel: Improving the lower bound
• Continuous-variable quantum communication
• Unidimensional continuous-variable measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution
• Continuous Variable Quantum Key Distribution with a Noisy Laser
• Gaussian two-mode attacks in one-way quantum cryptography
• Analysis of the trusted-device scenario in continuous-variable quantum key distribution
• Generation of ideal thermal light in warm atomic vapor
• Multi-mode CV-QKD with Non-Gaussian Operations
• Quantum Entanglement Distribution in Next-Generation Wireless Communication Systems
• An Overview of CV-MDI-QKD
• An improved two-way continuous-variable quantum key distribution protocol with added noise in homodyne detection
• Photonic Engineering for CV-QKD over Earth-Satellite Channels
• Improving the lower bound to the secret-key capacity of the thermal amplifier channel
• Non-Hermitian engineering for brighter broadband pseudothermal light
• Quantum cryptography with an ideal local relay
• Broadband pseudothermal states with tunable spectral coherence generated via nonlinear optics
• Thermal state quantum key distribution
• Quantum communications in continuous variable systems
• Quantum Secrecy in Thermal States III
• Discord, quantum knowledge and private communications
• CV QKD with discretized modulations in the strong noise regime
• Enhanced continuous-variable quantum key distribution protocol via adaptive signal processing
• Multi-mode CV-QKD with Noiseless Attenuation and Amplification
• Realistic Threat Models for Fiber and Free-Space Continuous-Variable Quantum Key Distribution
• Convex-roof entanglement measures of density matrices block diagonal in disjoint subspaces for the study of thermal states