Black Hole Masses are Quantized

Abstract

We give a simple argument showing that in any sensible quantum field theory the masses of black holes cannot assume continuous values and must be quantized. Our proof solely relies on Poincare-invariance of the asymptotic background, and is insensitive to geometric characteristics of black holes or other peculiarities of the short distance physics. Therefore, our results are equally-applicable to any other localized objects on asymptotically Poincare-invariant space, such as classicalons. By adding a requirement that in large mass limit the quantization must approximately account for classical results, we derive an universal quantization rule applicable to all classicalons (including black holes) in arbitrary number of dimensions. In particular, this implies, that black holes cannot emit/absorb arbitrarily soft quanta. The effect has phenomenological model-independent implications for black holes and other classicalons that may be created at LHC. We predict, that contrary to naive intuition, the black holes and/or classicalons, will be produced in form of fully-fledged quantum resonances of discrete masses, with the level-spacing controlled by the inverse square-root of cross-section.

23 pages, Latex

References in corpus (8)

• The Hierarchy Problem and New Dimensions at a Millimeter
• Physics of Trans-Planckian Gravity
• Self-Completeness of Einstein Gravity
• Dynamics of Unitarization by Classicalization
• Nature of Microscopic Black Holes and Gravity in Theories with Particle Species
• Classicalize or not to Classicalize?
• Probing Quantum Geometry at LHC
• Micro Black Holes and the Democratic Transition

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• Thermal corpuscular black holes
• Regular black holes from semi-classical down to Planckian size
• Nonsingular charged black holes à la Palatini
• Thermal BEC black holes
• Bootstrapping Newton Gravity
• Global and Local Horizon Quantum Mechanics
• Quantum black holes in bootstrapped Newtonian gravity
• Horizon of quantum black holes in various dimensions
• A quantum state for the late Universe
• Consistent Cosmic Microwave Background Spectra from Quantum Depletion
• Virtual Black Holes, Remnants and the Information Paradox
• Dynamically self-regular quantum harmonic black holes
• Gravitational Absorption Lines
• Effective metric outside bootstrapped Newtonian sources
• A particle-like description of Planckian black holes
• Non-thermal quantum black holes with quantized masses
• Polytropic stars in bootstrapped Newtonian gravity
• Non thermal small black holes
• Quantum Harmonic Black Holes (Proceeding of the Karl Schwarzschild Meeting 2013)
• Compact sources and cosmological horizons in lower dimensional bootstrapped Newtonian gravity