$K^{\ast }(892{)}^0$ and ${\bar{K}}^{\ast }(892{)}^0$ production in central Pb+Pb, Si+Si, C+C and inelastic p+p collisions at 158$A$~GeV

Abstract

Production of the $K^{\ast }(892{)}^0$ and ${\bar{K}}^{\ast }(892{)}^0$ resonances was studied via their $K^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ and $K^{-}{\pi }^{+}$ decay modes in central Pb+Pb, Si+Si, C+C and inelastic p+p collisions at 158\agev ($\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 17.3 GeV) with the NA49 detector at the CERN SPS. Transverse momentum and rapidity distributions were measured and total yields were estimated. The yield of $K^{\ast }$ exceeds that of ${\bar{K}}^{\ast }$ by about a factor of two in nucleus-nucleus reactions. The total yield ratios $<K^{\ast }>/<K^{+}>$ and $<{\bar{K}}^{\ast }>/<K^{-}>$ are strongly suppressed in central Pb+Pb compared to p+p, C+C and Si+Si collisions in agreement with the expected attenuation of these short-lived resonance states in the hadronic phase of the expanding fireball. The UrQMD model, although incorporating such a scenario, does not provide a quantitative description of the experimental results. The statistical hadron gas model assuming the same freeze-out parameters for stable hadrons and resonances overestimates the $<K^{\ast }>/<K>$ ratios in central Pb+Pb collisions by about a factor of 2.5.

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