Search method for long-duration gravitational-wave transients from neutron stars

Abstract

We introduce a search method for a new class of gravitational-wave signals, namely long-duration O(hours - weeks) transients from spinning neutron stars. We discuss the astrophysical motivation from glitch relaxation models and we derive a rough estimate for the maximal expected signal strength based on the superfluid excess rotational energy. The transient signal model considered here extends the traditional class of infinite-duration continuous-wave signals by a finite start-time and duration. We derive a multi-detector Bayes factor for these signals in Gaussian noise using $\F$-statistic amplitude priors, which simplifies the detection statistic and allows for an efficient implementation. We consider both a fully coherent statistic, which is computationally limited to directed searches for known pulsars, and a cheaper semi-coherent variant, suitable for wide parameter-space searches for transients from unknown neutron stars. We have tested our method by Monte-Carlo simulation, and we find that it outperforms orthodox maximum-likelihood approaches both in sensitivity and in parameter-estimation quality.

20 pages, 9 figures; submitted to PRD

References in corpus (28)

• Data analysis of gravitational-wave signals from spinning neutron stars. I. The signal and its detection
• Towards gravitational-wave asteroseismology
• The r-mode instability in rotating neutron stars
• Searching for periodic sources with LIGO
• Searching for periodic sources with LIGO. II: Hierarchical searches
• The inverse problem for pulsating neutron stars: A ``fingerprint analysis'' for the supranuclear equation of state
• Early evolution of newly born magnetars with a strong toroidal field
• The generalized F-statistic: multiple detectors and multiple GW pulsars
• Universal First-passage Properties of Discrete-time Random Walks and Levy Flights on a Line: Statistics of the Global Maximum and Records
• Gravitational waves from freely precessing neutron stars
• The search for continuous gravitational waves: metric of the multi-detector F-statistic
• Spinning down newborn neutron stars: nonlinear development of the r-mode instability
• How to adapt broad-band gravitational-wave searches for r-modes
• The dynamics of pulsar glitches: Contrasting phenomenology with numerical evolutions
• Einstein@Home search for periodic gravitational waves in early S5 LIGO data
• Targeted search for continuous gravitational waves: Bayesian versus maximum-likelihood statistics
• Long gravitational-wave transients and associated detection strategies for a network of terrestrial interferometers
• Are pulsar glitches triggered by a superfluid two-stream instability?
• Gravitational radiation from pulsar glitches
• Data analysis of gravitational-wave signals from spinning neutron stars. IV. An all-sky search
• Parameter-space metric of semicoherent searches for continuous gravitational waves
• Continuous-wave gravitational radiation from pulsar glitch recovery
• An Evidence Based Search Method For Gravitational Waves From Neutron Star Ring-downs
• F-statistic search for white-dwarf binaries in the first Mock LISA Data Challenge
• Implementation of barycentric resampling for continuous wave searches in gravitational wave data
• Magnetar Asteroseismology with Long-Term Gravitational Waves
• Gravitational radiation from the r-mode instability
• Searches for gravitational waves associated with pulsar glitches using a coherent network algorithm

Cited by in corpus (62)

• Models of Pulsar Glitches
• Search for gravitational waves from a long-lived remnant of the binary neutron star merger GW170817
• Searches for Continuous-Wave Gravitational Radiation
• Long gravitational-wave transients and associated detection strategies for a network of terrestrial interferometers
• Postprocessing methods used in the search for continuous gravitational-wave signals from the Galactic Center
• Fast and Accurate Sensitivity Estimation for Continuous-Gravitational-Wave Searches
• Neutron star bulk viscosity, "spin-flip" and GW emission of newly born magnetars
• Search for continuous gravitational waves: Improving robustness versus instrumental artifacts
• Narrowband searches for continuous and long-duration transient gravitational waves from known pulsars in the LIGO-Virgo third observing run
• How effective is machine learning to detect long transient gravitational waves from neutron stars in a real search?
• Search methods for continuous gravitational-wave signals from unknown sources in the advanced-detector era
• Status and perspectives of Continuous Gravitational Wave searches
• Statistical characterization of pulsar glitches and their potential impact on searches for continuous gravitational waves
• Diving below the spin-down limit: Constraints on gravitational waves from the energetic young pulsar PSR J0537-6910
• The Transient Gravitational-Wave Sky
• Hierarchical multi-stage MCMC follow-up of continuous gravitational wave candidates
• Robust semicoherent searches for continuous gravitational waves with noise and signal models including hours to days long transients
• First search for long-duration transient gravitational waves after glitches in the Vela and Crab pulsars
• Transient gravitational waves from pulsar post-glitch recoveries
• Detecting very long-lived gravitational-wave transients lasting hours to weeks
• Upgraded antennas for pulsar observations in the Argentine Institute of Radio astronomy
• Application of a hierarchical MCMC follow-up to Advanced LIGO continuous gravitational-wave candidates
• Gravitational-wave bursts and stochastic background from superfluid vortex avalanches during pulsar glitches
• Towards a unified treatment of gravitational-wave data analysis
• Cross-correlation method for intermediate-duration gravitational wave searches associated with gamma-ray bursts
• Empirically estimating the distribution of the loudest candidate from a gravitational-wave search
• A search of the Orion spur for continuous gravitational waves using a "loosely coherent" algorithm on data from LIGO interferometers
• Applications of machine learning in gravitational wave research with current interferometric detectors
• Gravitational wave transient signal emission via Ekman pumping in neutron stars during post-glitch relaxation phase
• Faster search for long gravitational-wave transients: GPU implementation of the transient F-statistic
• Prospects for detecting transient quasi-monochromatic gravitational waves from glitching pulsars with current and future detectors
• A semicoherent glitch-robust continuous gravitational wave search
• Glitching pulsars as gravitational wave sources
• Convolutional neural network search for long-duration transient gravitational waves from glitching pulsars
• Results of an all-sky high-frequency Einstein@Home search for continuous gravitational waves in LIGO's fifth science run
• Line-robust statistics for continuous gravitational waves: safety in the case of unequal detector sensitivities
• Long-duration transient, gravitational-wave search pipeline
• Search setup for long-duration transient gravitational waves from glitching pulsars during LIGO-Virgo third observing run
• Scalable data-analysis framework for long-duration gravitational waves from compact binaries using short Fourier transforms
• Gravitational waves from glitch-induced f-mode oscillations in quark and neutron stars
• Classification of Pulsar Glitch Amplitudes using Extreme Deconvolution
• Octahedron configuration for a displacement noise-cancelling gravitational wave detector in space
• Continuous gravitational waves from trapped magnetar ejecta and the connection to glitches and antiglitches
• The Yet-Unobserved Multi-Messenger Gravitational-Wave Universe
• Probing Ensemble Properties of Vortex-avalanche Pulsar Glitches with a Stochastic Gravitational-Wave Background Search
• Gravitational Waves from Gamma-Ray Pulsar Glitches
• Searching for continuous gravitational waves from slowly spinning neutron stars with DECIGO, Big Bang Observer, Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer
• High priority targets for transient gravitational waves from glitching pulsars
• Persistent gravitational radiation from glitching pulsars. II. Updated scaling with vortex number
• A search using GEO600 for gravitational waves coincident with fast radio bursts from SGR 1935+2154
• Toward a computationally-efficient follow-up pipeline for blind continuous gravitational-wave searches
• Analytic weak-signal approximation of the Bayes factor for continuous gravitational waves
• One-stop strategy to search for long-duration gravitational-wave signals
• Superfluid Spin-up: 3D Simulations of Post-Glitch Dynamics in Neutron Star Cores
• Learning to detect continuous gravitational waves: an open data-analysis competition
• Methods for Estimating Neutron Star Parameters using Multiple Mechanisms for Gravitational Wave Emission Associated with Pulsar Glitches
• Constraints on gravitational waves from the 2024 Vela pulsar glitch
• Bayesian Framework to Follow-up Continuous Gravitational Wave Candidates from Deep Surveys
• Search for planetary-mass ultra-compact binaries using data from the first part of the LIGO--Virgo--KAGRA fourth observing run
• GFH-v2 Pipeline for Searches of Long-Transient Gravitational Waves from Newborn Magnetars
• BinaryGFH-v2: Improved method to search for gravitational waves from sub-solar-mass, ultra-compact binaries using the Generalized Frequency-Hough Transform
• Prospects for detecting and localizing short-duration transient gravitational waves from glitching neutron stars without electromagnetic counterparts