Testing feasibility of scalar-tensor gravity by scale dependent mass and coupling to matter

Abstract

We investigate whether there are any cosmological evidences for a scalar field with a mass and coupling to matter which change accordingly to the properties of the astrophysical system it "lives in", without directly focusing on the underlying mechanism that drives the scalar field scale-dependent properties. We assume a Yukawa type of coupling between the field and matter and also that the scalar field mass grows with density, in order to overcome all gravity constraints within the solar system. We analyse three different gravitational systems assumed as "cosmological indicators": supernovae type Ia, low surface brightness spiral galaxies and clusters of galaxies. Results show that: a) a quite good fit to the rotation curves of low surface brightness galaxies only using visible stellar and gas mass components is obtained; b) a scalar field can fairly well reproduce the matter profile in clusters of galaxies, estimated by X-ray observations and without the need of any additional dark matter; c) there is an intrinsic difficulty in extracting information about the possibility of a scale-dependent massive scalar field (or more generally about a varying gravitational constant) from supernovae type Ia.

30 pages, 15 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev. D

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• Metric-Palatini gravity unifying local constraints and late-time cosmic acceleration
• Galaxy rotation curves in modified gravity models
• Stability analysis and Observational Measurement in Chameleonic Generalised Brans--Dicke Cosmology
• Exploiting the Einstein Telescope to solve the Hubble tension
• Long Range Effects in Gravity Theories with Vainshtein Screening
• Exact Scalar-Tensor Cosmological Models
• Testing gravity with the Milky Way: Yukawa potential
• Unifying static analysis of gravitational structures with a scale-dependent scalar field gravity as an alternative to dark matter
• Limiting the Yukawa Gravity through the Black Hole Shadows of Sgr A* and M87*