Particle identification

Abstract

Particle IDentification (PID) is fundamental to particle physics experiments. This paper reviews PID strategies and methods used by the large LHC experiments, which provide outstanding examples of the state-of-the-art. The first part focuses on the general design of these experiments with respect to PID and the technologies used. Three PID techniques are discussed in more detail: ionization measurements, time-of-flight measurements and Cherenkov imaging. Four examples of the implementation of these techniques at the LHC are given, together with selections of relevant examples from other experiments and short overviews on new developments. Finally, the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS 02) experiment is briefly described as an impressive example of a space-based experiment using a number of familiar PID techniques.

55 pages, 30 figures

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• Fabrication of silica aerogel with $n$ = 1.08 for $e^{+}/{\mu }^{+}$ separation in a threshold Cherenkov counter of the J-PARC TREK/E36 experiment
• Review of Searches for Rare Processes and Physics Beyond the Standard Model at HERA
• Next Frontiers in Particle Physics Detectors: INSTR2020 Summary and a Look into the Future
• Very Special Relativity: Cherenkov Effect and an Analogy with Minkowski's Electrodynamics of Continuous Media