Experimental realities refuting the existence of p=0 condensate in a system of interacting bosons : II. Spectroscopy of embedded molecules

Abstract

Experimental observation of superfluidity in a microscopic cluster, $M:{(}^{4}He{)}_x$, of a molecule ($M$) and $x$ number of ${}^{4}He$ atoms (with $x$ ranging from 1 to many) is qualitatively analyzed. It concludes that: (i) each ${}^{4}He$ atom in the cluster has to have non-zero momentum for its confinement to a space of size ($<$ the size of the cluster), (ii) superfluidity does not require atoms with zero momentum ($p=0$), and (iii) while all ${}^{4}He$ atoms in the cluster cease to have relative motions (hence the inter-atomic collisions), they retain a freedom to move coherently in order of their locations on a closed path around the rotor ($M$ plus few nearest ${}^{4}He$ atoms which follow the molecular rotation for their relatively strong binding with $M$). The analysis also identifies the basic arrangement of ${}^{4}He$ atoms which allows the rotor to have free rotation in the cluster.

6 pages, 1 figure

References in corpus (2)

• The p=0 condensate is a myth
• Experimental realities refuting existence of p=0 condensate in a system of interacting bosons : I. Electron bubble