Long electron dephasing length and disorder-induced spin-orbit coupling in indium tin oxide nanowires

Abstract

We have measured the quantum-interference magnetoresistances in two single indium tin oxide (ITO) nanowires between 0.25 and 40 K, by using the four-probe configuration method. The magnetoresistances are compared with the one-dimensional weak-(anti)localization theory to extract the electron dephasing length $L_{\varphi }$. We found, in a 60-nm diameter nanowire with a low resistivity of $\rho$(10 K) = 185 $\mu \Omega$ cm, that $L_{\varphi }$ is long, increasing from 150 nm at 40 K to 520 nm at 0.25 K. Therefore, the nanowire reveals strict one-dimensional weak-localization effect up to several tens of degrees of Kelvin. In a second 72-nm diameter nanowire with a high resistivity of $\rho$(10 K) = 1030 $\mu \Omega$ cm, the dephasing length is suppressed to $L_{\varphi }$(0.26 K) = 200 nm, and thus a crossover of the effective device dimensionality from one to three occurs at about 12 K. In particular, disorder-induced spin-orbit coupling is evident in the latter sample, manifesting weak-antilocalization effect at temperatures below $\sim$ 4 K. These observations demonstrate that versatile quantum-interference effects can be realized in ITO nanowires by controlling differing levels of atomic defects and impurities.

Phys. Rev. B (accepted)

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