Limit Theorems for the Discrete-Time Quantum Walk on a Graph with Joined Half Lines

Abstract

We consider a discrete-time quantum walk $W_{t,\kappa }$ at time $t$ on a graph with joined half lines ${\mathbb{J}}_{\kappa }$, which is composed of $\kappa$ half lines with the same origin. Our analysis is based on a reduction of the walk on a half line. The idea plays an important role to analyze the walks on some class of graphs with \textit{symmetric} initial states. In this paper, we introduce a quantum walk with an enlarged basis and show that $W_{t,\kappa }$ can be reduced to the walk on a half line even if the initial state is \textit{asymmetric}. For $W_{t,\kappa }$, we obtain two types of limit theorems. The first one is an asymptotic behavior of $W_{t,\kappa }$ which corresponds to localization. For some conditions, we find that the asymptotic behavior oscillates. The second one is the weak convergence theorem for $W_{t,\kappa }$. On each half line, $W_{t,\kappa }$ converges to a density function like the case of the one-dimensional lattice with a scaling order of $t$. The results contain the cases of quantum walks starting from the general initial state on a half line with the general coin and homogeneous trees with the Grover coin.

18 pages, 7 figures

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Cited by in corpus (2)

• Limit Theorems for Quantum Walks on the Union of Planes
• Limit Theorems for the Disordered Quantum Walk