Quantum frustration in organic Mott insulators: from spin liquids to unconventional superconductors

Abstract

We review the interplay of frustration and strong electronic correlations in quasi-two-dimensional organic charge transfer salts, such as k-(BEDT-TTF)_2X and Et_nMe_{4-n}Pn[Pd(dmit)2]2. These two forces drive a range of exotic phases including spin liquids, valence bond crystals, pseudogapped metals, and unconventional superconductivity. Of particular interest is that in several materials there is a direct transition as a function of pressure from a spin liquid Mott insulating state to a superconducting state. Experiments on these materials raise a number of profound questions about the quantum behaviour of frustrated systems, particularly the intimate connection between spin liquids and superconductivity. Insights into these questions have come from a wide range of theoretical techniques including first principles electronic structure, quantum many-body theory and quantum field theory. In this review we introduce the basic ideas of the field by discussing a simple frustrated Heisenberg model with four spins. We then describe the key experimental results, emphasizing that for two materials, k-(BEDT-TTF)_2Cu_2(CN)_3 and EtMe_3Sb[Pd(dmit)_2]_2, there is strong evidence for a spin liquid ground state, and for EtMe_3P[Pd(dmit)_2]_2, a valence bond solid ground state. We review theoretical attempts to explain these phenomena, arguing that this can be captured by a Hubbard model on the anisotropic triangular lattice at half filling, and that resonating valence bond wavefunctions can capture most of the essential physics. We review evidence that this model can have a spin liquid ground state for a range of parameters that are realistic for the relevant materials. We conclude by summarising the progress made thus far and identifying some of the key questions still to be answered.

Major rewrite. New material added and many typos corrected. 67 pages, 41 figures. Thanks to those who commented on the previous version

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• Quantum Mott Transition and Superconductivity
• A phenomenological model of the superconducting state of the Bechgaard salts
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• Perturbative Wilson loops from unquenched Monte Carlo simulations at weak couplings
• Vertex Corrections and the Korringa Ratio in Strongly Correlated Electron Materials
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• Probing quantum spin liquids in equilibrium using the inverse spin Hall effect
• Spin-orbit coupling in {Mo${}_3$S${}_7$(dmit)${}_3$}
• Magnetic excitations, phase diagram and order-by-disorder in the extended triangular-lattice Hubbard model
• Unification of parton and coupled-wire approaches to quantum magnetism in two dimensions
• Quantum critical local spin dynamics near the Mott metal-insulator transition in infinite dimensions
• Low-energy effective theories of the two-thirds filled Hubbard model on the triangular necklace lattice
• Spin Casimir Effect in Non-collinear Quantum Antiferromagnets
• Spin liquid in twisted homobilayers group-VI gichalcogenides
• Low quasiparticle coherence temperature in the one band-Hubbard model: A slave-boson approach
• Majorana chiral spin liquid in Mott insulating cuprates
• Spin-$0$ Mott insulator to metal to spin-$1$ Mott insulator transition in the single-orbital Hubbard model on the decorated honeycomb lattice
• Mott transition and magnetism on the anisotropic triangular lattice
• Frustration, ring exchange, and the absence of long-range order in EtMe${}_3$Sb[Pd(dmit)${}_2$]${}_2$: from first principles to many-body theory
• Electronic correlations in organometallic complexes
• Unbinding of giant vortices in states of competing order
• Magnetic phases of the anisotropic triangular lattice Hubbard model
• Incommensurate, helical spin ground states on the Hollandite lattice
• Topological quantum phase transition driven by anisotropic spin-orbit coupling in trinuclear organometallic coordination crystals
• Enhancement of the thermoelectric power by electronic correlations in bad metals: a study of the Kelvin formula
• Shear viscosity of strongly interacting fermionic quantum fluids
• Cooper instability generated by attractive fermion-fermion interaction in the two-dimensional semi-Dirac semimetals
• Coherent heavy charge carriers in an organic conductor near the bandwidth-controlled Mott transition
• Superconductivity and Mottness in Organic Charge Transfer Materials
• $d$- and $p$-wave quantum liquid crystal orders in cuprate superconductors, $\kappa$-(BEDT-TTF)${}_2$X, and coupled chain Hubbard models: functional-renormalization-group analysis
• Chiral superconductivity in the doped triangular-lattice Fermi-Hubbard model in two dimensions
• When is the Kadowaki-Woods ratio universal?
• Intermediate valence in single crystalline Yb${}_2$Si${}_2$Al
• Topological superconductivity from doping a triplet quantum spin liquid in a flat band system
• The princess and the pea: on the outsized role of inter-layer ligands in copper-pyrazine antiferromagnets
• Tunable moire spinons in magnetically encapsulated twisted van der Waals quantum spin-liquids
• Fate of the Hebel-Slichter peak in superconductors with strong antiferromagnetic fluctuations
• Controlling magnetic frustration in 1T-TaS${}_2$ via Coulomb engineered long-range interactions
• Rapid filling of the spin gap with temperature in the Schwinger-boson mean-field theory of the antiferromagnetic Heisenberg kagome model
• A theory of the quantum spin liquid in the hyper-honeycomb metal-organic framework [(C${}_2$H${}_5$)${}_3$NH]${}_2$Cu${}_2$(C${}_2$O${}_4$)${}_3$ from first principles
• Phase diagrams of singlet superconducting states with mixed symmetry
• Prediction of pseudogap formation due to $d$-wave bond-order in organic superconductor $\kappa$-(BEDT-TTF)${}_2$X
• Dressed Rabi oscillation in a crystalline organic radical
• A representability problem in density functional theory for superconductors
• The splitting of electrons and violation of the Luttinger sum rule
• Unusually thick metal-insulator domain walls around the Mott point
• Interacting electron spins in $\kappa$-(BEDT-TTF)${}_2$Cu[N(CN)${}_2$]I investigated by ESR spectroscopy
• Enhancement of the thermal expansion of organic charge transfer salts by strong electronic correlations
• Towards numerically exact computation of conductivity in the thermodynamic limit of interacting lattice models
• Raman signatures of the strong intra- and inter-molecular charge oscillations in bis(ethylenedithio)-tetrathiafulvalene (BEDT-TTF) \k{appa}-phase salts
• Broken discrete and continuous symmetries in two dimensional spiral antiferromagnets
• Mottness-induced healing in strongly correlated superconductors
• Torque equilibrium spin wave theory of Raman scattering in an anisotropic triangular lattice antiferromagnet with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction
• Violation of Luttinger's theorem in the simplest doped Mott insulator: Falicov-Kimball model in strong correlation limit
• Spin-orbital liquids and insulator-metal transitions on the pyrochlore lattice
• Ground state and finite temperature behavior of 1/4-filled band zigzag ladders
• The Future of the Correlated Electron Problem
• Probing a Bose Metal via Electrons: Inescapable non-Fermi liquid scattering and pseudogap physics
• Hamming Distance and the onset of quantum criticality
• Possible observation of the signature of the bad metal phase and its crossover to a Fermi liquid in K(BEDT-TTF)2Cu(NCS)2 bulk and nanoparticles by Raman scattering
• $x$-[Pd(dmit)${}_2$]${}_2$ as a quasi-1D, scalene Heisenberg model
• Infrared ellipsometry study of the charge dynamics in K3p-terphenyl
• Topological frustration and structural balance in strongly correlated itinerant electron systems: an extension of Nagaoka's theorem
• Charge glass in an extended dimer Hubbard model
• Ubiquity of Linear Resistivity at Intermediate Temperature in Bad Metals
• Extended dual description of Mott transition beyond two-dimensional space
• Magnetic phases of orbital bipartite optical lattices
• Ground state and spectral properties across a Charge Density Wave transition in a triangular-lattice spinless Fermion model
• Nonlinear optical conductivity of $U(1)$ spin liquids with large spinon Fermi surfaces
• Unveiling the microscopic nature of correlated organic conductors: the case of kappa-(BEDT-TTF)2Cu[N(CN)2]BrxCl1-x
• Combined experimental and theoretical studies on glasslike transitions in the frustrated molecular conductors $\theta$-(BEDT-TTF)${}_{2}M{M}^{\prime }$(SCN)${}_4$
• Reentrance of metal-insulator transition and magnetic competitions on a triangular lattice with second nearest-neighbor hopping
• Photoinduced Frustration Modulation in $\kappa$-type Quantum Spin Liquid Candidates
• Role of generic scale invariance in a Mott transition from a U(1) spin-liquid insulator to a Landau Fermi-liquid metal
• Power-Law Spectra and Asymptotic $\omega /T$ Scaling in the Orbital-Selective Mott Phase of a Three-Orbital Hubbard Model
• Spin-liquid Mott quantum criticality in two dimensions: Destabilization of a spinon Fermi surface and emergence of one-dimensional spin dynamics
• Electronic correlations and spin frustration in the molecular conductors $\kappa$-(BEDT-TTF)${}_2$X probed by magnetic quantum oscillations
• Electronic properties of the dimerized organic conductor $\kappa$-(BETS)${}_2$Mn[N(CN)${}_2$]${}_3$
• Spin-charge separation in two dimensions: spinon-chargon gauge theories from duality
• Dynamics of magnetic collective modes in the square and triangular lattice Mott insulators at finite temperature
• Spin liquid and ferroelectricity close to a quantum critical point in PbCuTe${}_2$O${}_6$
• Impurities and Defects in Mott Systems
• Quantum criticality and confinement in weak Mott insulators
• Relevance of long-range screening in Mott transition examined via a hydrogen lattice
• Hubbard model on a triangular lattice at finite temperatures
• Strange Metals from Quantum Geometric Fluctuations of Interfaces
• Stability of correlated insulating states in molecular conductors from first-principles calculation