Lorentz violation effects on astrophysical propagation of very high energy photons

Abstract

Lorentz violation (LV) is predicted by some quantum gravity (QG) candidates, wherein the canonical energy-momentum dispersion relation, $E^2=p^2+m^2$, is modified. Consequently, new phenomenons beyond the standard model are predicted. Especially, the presence of LV highly affects the propagation of astrophysical photons with very high energies from distant galaxies. In this paper, we review the updating theoretical and experimental results on this topic. We classify the effects into three categories: (i) time lags between photons with different energies; (ii) a cutoff of photon flux above the threshold energy of photon decay, $\gamma \to e^{+}+e^{-}$; (iii) new patterns in the spectra of multi-TeV photons and EeV photons, due to the absorption of background lights. As we can see, the details of LV effects on astrophysical photons depend heavily on the "phase space" of LV parameters. From observational aspects, nowadays available and upcoming instruments can study these phenomenons hopefully, and shed light onto LV issues and QG theories. The most recent progresses and constraints on the ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) are also fully discussed.

9 pages, 1 figure, final version for publication in MPLA as a review article

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• Revisiting Lorentz invariance violation from GRB 221009A
• Searching Lorentz invariance violation from cosmic photon attenuation
• Threshold anomalies of ultra-high energy cosmic photons due to Lorentz invariance violation
• Strong constraints on Lorentz violation using new $\gamma$-ray observations around PeV
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• LHAASO discovery of highest-energy photons towards new physics
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• New perspective on space and time from Lorentz violation
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• Consistency analysis of a CPT-even and CPT-odd lorentz-violating effective field theory in the electrodynamics at Planck scale by an influence of a background isotropic field
• The implications of gamma-ray photons from LHAASO on Lorentz symmetry