Fragmented Many-Body states of definite angular momentum and stability of attractive 3D Condensates

Abstract

A three dimensional attractive Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC) is expected to collapse, when the number of the particles $N$ in the ground state or the interaction strength ${\lambda }_0$ exceeds a critical value. We study systems of different particle numbers and interaction strength and find that even if the overall ground state is collapsed there is a plethora of fragmented excited states that are still in the metastable region. Utilizing the \emph{configuration interaction} expansion we determine the spectrum of the ground (`yrast') and excited many-body states with definite total angular momentum quantum numbers $0⩽L⩽N$ and $-L⩽M_L⩽L$, and we find and examine states that survive the collapse. This opens up the possibility of realizing a metastable system with overcritical numbers of bosons in a ground state with angular momentum $L\ne 0$. The multi-orbital mean-field theory predictions about the existence of fragmented metastable states with overcritical numbers of bosons are verified and elucidated at the many-body level. The descriptions of the total angular momentum within the mean-field and the many-body approaches are compared.

arXiv comment45 pages, 10 figures, appeared in Phys. Rev. A with minor changes

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