Ground-state configurations in ferromagnetic nanotori

Abstract

Magnetization ground states are studied in toroidal nanomagnets. The energetics associated to the ferromagnetic, vortex and onion-like configurations are explicitly computed. The analysis reveals that the vortex appears to be the most prominent of such states, minimizing total energy in every torus with internal radius $r\gtrsim 10\mathrm{nm}$ (for Permalloy). For $r\lesssim 10\mathrm{nm}$ the vortex remains the most favorable pattern whenever $R/{\ell }_{ex}\gtrsim 1.5$ ($R$ is the torus external radius and ${\ell }_{ex}$ is the exchange length), being substituted by the ferromagnetic state whenever $R/{\ell }_{ex}\lesssim 1.5$.

16 pages, 9 figures, 3 apendices, Revtex format

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