Field Theory for a Deuteron Quantum Liquid

Abstract

Based on general symmetry principles we study an effective Lagrangian for a neutral system of condensed spin-1 deuteron nuclei and electrons, at greater-than-atomic but less-than-nuclear densities. We expect such matter to be present in thin layers within certain low-mass brown dwarfs. It may also be produced in future shock-wave-compression experiments as an effective fuel for laser induced nuclear fusion. We find a background solution of the effective theory describing a net spin zero condensate of deuterons with their spins aligned and anti-aligned in a certain spontaneously emerged preferred direction. The spectrum of low energy collective excitations contains two spin waves with linear dispersions -- like in antiferromagnets -- as well as gapped longitudinal and transverse modes related to the Meissner effect -- like in superconductors. We show that counting of the Nambu-Goldstone modes of spontaneously broken internal and space-time symmetries obeys, in a nontrivial way, the rules of the Goldstone theorem for Lorentz non-invariant systems. We discuss thermodynamic properties of the condensate, and its potential manifestation in the low-mass brown dwarfs.

19 LaTeX pages; v2: 2 refs added, JHEP version

References in corpus (4)

• Intrinsic Cutoff and Acausality for Massive Spin 2 Fields Coupled to Electromagnetism
• Charged Condensation
• Effective Lagrangian and Quantum Screening in Charged Condensate
• Electrodynamics at non-zero temperature, chemical potential, and Bose condensate

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• Phase Transitions of Charged Scalars at Finite Temperature and Chemical Potential
• Nuclear condensate and helium white dwarfs
• Condensation of charged bosons in plasma physics and cosmology
• Field Theory for Zero Sound and Ion Acoustic Wave in Astrophysical Matter