No Radial Excitations in Low Energy QCD. II. The Shrinking Radius of Hadrons

Abstract

We discuss the implications of our prior results obtained in our companion paper [arXiv:0910.2229]. Inescapably, they lead to three laws governing the size of hadrons, including in particular protons and neutrons that make up the bulk of ordinary matter: a) there are no radial excitations in low-energy QCD; b) the size of a hadron is largest in its ground state; c) the hadron's size shrinks when its orbital excitation increases. The second and third laws follow from the first law. It follows that the path from confinement to asymptotic freedom is a Regge trajectory. It also follows that the top quark is a free, albeit short-lived, quark. [For Note Added regarding experimental support, including the experiments studying muonic hydrogen, and other experiments, see last page.]

12 pages, footnote 3 added, version appearing in Eur. Phys. J. C

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• Excluded-volume effects for a hadron gas in Yang-Mills theory
• No Radial Excitations in Low Energy QCD. I. Diquarks and Classification of Mesons