Repulsive Fermi gas in a harmonic trap: Ferromagnetism and spin textures

Abstract

We study ferromagnetism in a repulsively interacting two-component Fermi gas in a harmonic trap. Within a local density approximation, the two components phase-separate beyond a critical interaction strength, with one species having a higher density at the trap center. We discuss several easily observable experimental signatures of this transition. The mean field release energy, its separate kinetic and interaction contributions, as well as the potential energy, all depend on the interaction strength and contain a sharp signature of this transition. In addition, the conversion rate of atoms to molecules, arising from three-body collisions, peaks at an interaction strength just beyond the ferromagnetic transition point. We then go beyond the local density approximation, and derive an energy functional which includes a term that depends on the local magnetization gradient and acts as a `surface tension'. Using this energy functional, we numerically study the energetics of some candidate spin textures which may be stabilized in a harmonic trapping potential at zero net magnetization. We find that a hedgehog state has a lower energy than an `in-out' domain wall state in an isotropic trap. Upon inclusion of trap anisotropy we find that the hedgehog magnetization profile gets distorted due to the surface tension term, this distortion being more apparent for small atom numbers. We estimate that the magnetic dipole interaction does not play a significant role in this system. We consider possible implications for experiments on trapped Li-6 and K-40 gases.

10 pgs, 5 figs: Added discussion of suppression of atom loss rate with onset of ferromagnetism; Added fig showing separate kinetic/potential/interaction energy signatures of ferromagnetism

References in corpus (8)

• Vortices and Superfluidity in a Strongly Interacting Fermi Gas
• Spontaneous symmetry breaking in a quenched ferromagnetic spinor Bose condensate
• Deformation of a Trapped Fermi Gas with Unequal Spin Populations
• Spontaneously modulated spin textures in a dipolar spinor Bose-Einstein condensate
• Surface Tension in Unitary Fermi Gases with Population Imbalance
• Breakdown of the local density approximation in interacting systems of cold fermions in strongly anisotropic traps
• Itinerant Ferromagnetism in an Atom Trap
• Theory of the Normal/Superfluid interface in population imbalanced Fermi gases

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