Bulges Of Nearby Galaxies With Spitzer: The Growth Of Pseudobulges In Disk Galaxies And Its Connection To Outer Disks

Abstract

We study star formation rates (SFR) and stellar masses in bulges of nearby disk galaxies, using SFRs and stellar masses derived from Spitzer and GALEX data. At present day SFR the median pseudobulge could have grown the present day stellar mass in 8 Gyr. In almost all galaxies in our sample the specific SFR (SFR per unit stellar mass) of the bulge is higher than that of the outer disk, suggesting that almost all galaxies are increasing their B/T through internal star formation. In pseudobulges, SFR density correlates, positvely, with mass density, this is consistent with that stellar mass being formed by moderate, extended star fromation. As well, SFR density and stellar mass of pseudobulges are shown to be correlated with the stellar mass of the outer disk. Classical bulges have the lowest specific SFR implying a growth times that are longer than a Hubble time. We identify a class of bulges that have nuclear morphology similar to pseudobulges, significantly lower specific SFR than pseudobulges, and are closer to classical bulges in structural parameter correlations. Our results are consistent with a scenario in which bulge growth via internal star formation is a natural, and near ubiquitous phenomenon in disk galaxies. Some disk galaxies with out a large classical bulge, over long periods of extended star formation are able to growth a pseudobulge. In this sense, galaxies with pseudobulges may very well be bulgeless (or "quasi-bulgeless") galaxies, and galaxies with classical bulges are galaxies in which both internal evolution and hierarchical merging are responsible for the bulge mass by fractions that vary from galaxy-to-galaxy. [Abridged]

Accepted to ApJ

References in corpus (25)

• The Star Formation Efficiency in Nearby Galaxies: Measuring Where Gas Forms Stars Effectively
• The Star Formation Law in Nearby Galaxies on Sub-Kpc Scales
• The Calibration of Mid-Infrared Star Formation Rate Indicators
• From rings to bulges: evidence for rapid secular galaxy evolution at z~2 from integral field spectroscopy in the SINS survey
• Structural Properties of Pseudo-Bulges, Classical Bulges and Elliptical Galaxies: an SDSS Perspective
• The effect of galaxy mass ratio on merger--driven starbursts
• Riding the Spiral Waves: Implications of Stellar Migration for the Properties of Galactic Disks
• An Ultraviolet-to-Radio Broadband Spectral Atlas of Nearby Galaxies
• The Structure of Classical Bulges And Pseudobulges: The Link Between Pseudobulges And Sersic Index
• Bulge n and B/T in High Mass Galaxies: Constraints on the Origin of Bulges in Hierarchical Models
• Merger Histories of Galaxy Halos and Implications for Disk Survival
• The SAURON project - VII. Integral-field absorption and emission-line kinematics of 24 spiral galaxy bulges
• Bulge and Clump Evolution in Hubble Ultra Deep Field Clump Clusters, Chains and Spiral Galaxies
• Radial variation of attenuation and star formation in the largest late-type disks observed with GALEX
• Observations and modelling of a clumpy galaxy at z=1.6: Spectroscopic clues to the origin and evolution of chain galaxies
• The SAURON project - XI. Stellar Populations from Absorption Line Strength Maps of 24 Early-Type Spirals
• Galactic Warps Induced By Cosmic Infall
• A Connection Between Bulge Properties and the Bimodality of Galaxies
• The Destruction of Thin Stellar Disks Via Cosmologically Common Satellite Accretion Events
• Old and young bulges in late-type disk galaxies
• An N-body/SPH Study of Isolated Galaxy Mass Density Profiles
• Absorption line-strengths of 18 late-type spiral galaxies observed with SAURON
• Structure Formation Inside Triaxial Dark Matter Halos: Galactic Disks, Bulges and Bars
• Central Star Formation in Pseudobulges and Classical Bulges
• Induced Nested Galactic Bars Inside Assembling Dark Matter Halos

Cited by in corpus (52)

• Secular Evolution in Disk Galaxies
• Bulgeless Giant Galaxies Challenge our Picture of Galaxy Formation by Hierarchical Clustering
• Precise Black Hole Masses From Megamaser Disks: Black Hole-Bulge Relations at Low Mass
• The Dependence of Quenching upon the Inner Structure of Galaxies at 0.5<z< 0.8 in the DEEP2/AEGIS Survey
• Bulges Of Nearby Galaxies With Spitzer: Scaling Relations in Pseudobulges and Classical Bulges
• The two-phase formation history of spiral galaxies traced by the cosmic evolution of the bar fraction
• Composite Bulges: The Coexistence of Classical Bulges and Disky Pseudobulges in S0 and Spiral Galaxies
• Demographics of Bulge Types within 11 Mpc and Implications for Galaxy Evolution
• Massive black hole pairs in clumpy, self-gravitating circumnuclear disks: stochastic orbital decay
• Pseudobulge Formation as a Dynamical Rather than a Secular Process
• Galaxy Zoo: Bulgeless Galaxies With Growing Black Holes
• Nuclear Star Clusters from Clustered Star Formation
• The VIMOS VLT Deep Survey: the contribution of minor mergers to the growth of L_B >= L*_B galaxies since z ~ 1 from spectroscopically identified pairs
• The origin of pseudobulges in cosmological simulations of galaxy formation
• An Observational Guide to Identifying Pseudobulges and Classical Bulges in Disk Galaxies
• Natures of a clump-origin bulge: a pseudobulge-like but old metal-rich bulge
• An Optimal Strategy for Accurate Bulge-to-disk Decomposition of Disk Galaxies
• The growth of disks and bulges during hierarchical galaxy formation. I: fast evolution vs secular processes
• Evidence for the concurrent growth of thick discs and central mass concentrations from S${}^4$G imaging
• The minor role of gas-rich major mergers in the rise of intermediate-mass early types at z <~ 1
• The Carnegie-Irvine Galaxy Survey. VIII. Demographics of Bulges along the Hubble Sequence
• The build-up of pseudobulges in a hierarchical universe
• The Carnegie-Irvine Galaxy Survey. VII. Constraints on the Origin of S0 Galaxies from Their Photometric Structure
• The Carnegie-Irvine Galaxy Survey. IX. Classification of Bulge Types and Statistical Properties of Pseudo Bulges
• Dust emission profiles of DustPedia galaxies
• Are (pseudo)bulges in isolated galaxies actually primordial relics?
• Structural and Stellar Population Properties vs. Bulge Types in Sloan Digital Sky Survey Central Galaxies
• The stellar metallicity distribution of disc galaxies and bulges in cosmological simulations
• Halpha Kinematics of S4G Spiral Galaxies - III. Inner rotation curves
• The Molecular Gas Density in Galaxy Centers and How It Connects to Bulges
• Gradients of Stellar Population Properties and Evolution Clues in a Nearby Galaxy M 101
• A low upper mass limit for the central black hole in the late-type galaxy NGC 4414
• Disk Assembly and the M_BH-sigma Relation of Supermassive Black Holes
• Morphological evolution and galactic sizes in the L-Galaxies SA model
• Stellar Population Properties and Evolution Analysis of NGC 628 with the Panchromatic Photometry
• The buildup of galaxies and their spheroids: the contributions of mergers, disc instabilities and star formation
• Galaxy Structural Analysis with the Curvature of the Brightness Profile
• Red galaxies with pseudo-bulges in the SDSS: closer to disk galaxies or to classical bulges?
• Spatially-resolved Stellar Population Properties of the M 51-NGC 5195 System from Multi-wavelength Photometric Data
• The Carnegie-Irvine Galaxy Survey. X. Bulges in Stellar Mass-based Scaling Relations
• Angular momentum evolution of stellar disks at high redshifts
• Star Formation Properties in Barred Galaxies(SFB). I. Ultraviolet-to-Infrared Imaging and Spectroscopic Studies of NGC 7479
• Constraining the Milky Way's Ultraviolet to Infrared SED with Gaussian Process Regression
• The morphological dependent Tully-Fisher relation of spiral galaxies
• 2D Surface Brightness Modelling of Large 2MASS Galaxies I: Photometry and Structural Parameters
• SCUSS u-Band Emission as a Star-Formation-Rate Indicator
• Is the correlation between the bulge-to-total stellar mass ratio and the number of dwarf galaxies in tension with $\Lambda$CDM?
• Photometric properties of classical bulge and pseudo-bulge galaxies at $0.5\le z<1.0$
• Coevolution (Or Not) of Supermassive Black Holes and Host Galaxies: Black Hole Scaling Relations Are Not Biased by Selection Effects
• Star Formation Properties in Barred Galaxies (SFB). II. NGC 2903 and NGC 7080
• Observational Comparison of Star Formation in Different Galaxy Types
• A Dynamic Galaxy: Stellar Age Patterns Across the Disk of M101