Einstein static universes are unstable in generic f(R) models

Abstract

We study Einstein static universes in the context of generic f(R) models. It is shown that Einstein static solutions exist for a wide variety of modified gravity models sourced by a barotropic perfect fluid with equation of state w=p/rho, but these solutions are always unstable to either homogeneous or inhomogeneous perturbations. Our general results are in agreement with specific models investigated in that past. We also discuss how our techniques can be applied to other scenarios in f(R) gravity.

7 pages, 2 figures. Minor corrections. Minor changes and references added to match version accepted by Phys. Rev. D

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• The stability of the Einstein static state in $f(T)$ gravity
• Einstein Static Universe in Exponential $f(T)$ Gravity
• Emergent universe from the Hořava-Lifshitz gravity
• Stability of the Einstein static universe in IR modified Hořava gravity
• Einstein Static Universe in Rastall Theory of Gravity
• Emergent Universe Scenario in the Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet Gravity with Dilaton
• Einstein's 1917 Static Model of the Universe: A Centennial Review
• On the stability of the Einstein Static Universe in Massive Gravity
• The stability of Einstein static universe in the DGP braneworld
• Stability of the Einstein Static Universe in open cosmological models
• Emergent Cosmology Revisited
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• Emergent scenario in the Einstein-Cartan theory
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• Emergent universe in Horava-Lifshitz-like F(R) gravity
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• Quantum Instability of the Emergent Universe
• Holes in the static Einstein universe and the model of the cosmological voids
• Einstein static universe from GUP
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• Einstein static Universe in non-minimal kinetic coupled gravity
• Stability of the Closed Einstein Universe in Energy-Momentum Squared Gravity
• Stability of the Einstein Static Universe in $4D$ Gauss-Bonnet Gravity
• Inverse volume corrections to emergent tachyonic inflation in loop quantum cosmology
• Induced Matter Brane Gravity and Einstein Static Universe
• Stability of Einstein Static Universe over Lyra Geometry
• Inhomogeneous Perturbations and Stability Analysis of the Einstein Static Universe in f(R,T) Gravity
• Stability of Einstein static universe in gravity theory with a non-minimal derivative coupling
• Stability of the Einstein static Universe in Einstein-Cartan-Brans-Dicke gravity
• Emergent Universe Scenario, Bouncing and Cyclic Universes in Degenerate Massive Gravity
• Einstein static universe on the brane supported by extended Chaplygin gas
• Deformed Horava-Lifshitz Cosmology and Stability of Einstein Static Universe
• Emergent Universe by Tunneling in a Jordan-Brans-Dicke Theory
• On the initial singularity in Kantowski-Sachs spacetime
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• Emergent scenario in mimetic gravity
• Lemaitre-Tolman-Bondi Static Universe in Rastall-like Gravity
• Einstein Static Universe and its Stability in Generalized Rastall Gravity
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• Analytical approximations for primordial power spectra in a spatially closed emergent universe
• Emergent Cosmology in 4D Einstein Gauss Bonnet Theory of Gravity