The ARCADE 2 Instrument

Abstract

The second generation Absolute Radiometer for Cosmology, Astrophysics, and Diffuse Emission (ARCADE 2) instrument is a balloon-borne experiment to measure the radiometric temperature of the cosmic microwave background and Galactic and extra-Galactic emission at six frequencies from 3 to 90 GHz. ARCADE 2 utilizes a double-nulled design where emission from the sky is compared to that from an external cryogenic full-aperture blackbody calibrator by cryogenic switching radiometers containing internal blackbody reference loads. In order to further minimize sources of systematic error, ARCADE 2 features a cold fully open aperture with all radiometrically active components maintained at near 2.7 K without windows or other warm objects, achieved through a novel thermal design. We discuss the design and performance of the ARCADE 2 instrument in its 2005 and 2006 flights.

12 pages, 14 figues, 3 tables, 2 figures added, Accepted to ApJ

References in corpus (2)

• ARCADE 2 Observations of Galactic Radio Emission
• Interpretation of the Extragalactic Radio Background

Cited by in corpus (41)

• Seven-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Galactic Foreground Emission
• Fundamental Physics with the Square Kilometre Array
• ARCADE 2 Measurement of the Extra-Galactic Sky Temperature at 3-90 GHz
• The CosmoVerse White Paper: Addressing observational tensions in cosmology with systematics and fundamental physics
• The Radio Background Below 100 MHz
• Imprints of Cosmic Rays in Multifrequency Observations of the Interstellar Emission
• ARCADE 2 Observations of Galactic Radio Emission
• A dark matter interpretation for the ARCADE excess?
• Sources of the Radio Background Considered
• Synchrotron Spectral Curvature from 22 MHz to 23 GHz
• The Radio Synchrotron Background: Conference Summary and Report
• The Primordial Inflation Polarization Explorer (PIPER)
• The isotropic radio background revisited
• Cosmological Radio Emission induced by WIMP Dark Matter
• The Second Radio Synchrotron Background Workshop: Conference Summary and Report
• The Experiment for Cryogenic Large-aperture Intensity Mapping (EXCLAIM)
• Contributions of dark matter annihilation to the global 21cm spectrum observed by the EDGES experiment
• Spectral distortions of the CMB dipole
• Exploring cosmic origins with CORE: effects of observer peculiar motion
• The contribution of ultracompact dark matter minihalos to the isotropic radio background
• Baryon acoustic oscillations from Integrated Neutral Gas Observations: Broadband corrugated horn construction and testing
• Measurement of the Anisotropy Power Spectrum of the Radio Synchrotron Background
• Extragalactic Science with the Experiment for Cryogenic Large-aperture Intensity Mapping
• PeV Gamma Rays from Interactions of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays in the Milky Way
• Variable-delay Polarization Modulators for Cryogenic Millimeter-wave Applications
• Optical Design of the EXperiment for Cryogenic Large-Aperture Intensity Mapping (EXCLAIM)
• Fundamental Limits of Detection in the Far Infrared
• Production Method of Millimeter-Wave Absorber with 3D-Printed Mold
• CMB Telescopes and Optical Systems
• A High Sensitivity Fourier Transform Spectrometer for Cosmic Microwave Background Observations
• Superfluid Liquid Helium Control for the Primordial Inflation Polarization Explorer Balloon Payload
• Systematic error mitigation for the PIXIE Fourier transform spectrometer
• Effects of observer peculiar motion on the isotropic background frequency spectrum: from monopole to higher multipoles
• Note on the dark matter explanation of the ARCADE excess and AMS data
• The optical system of the Tenerife Microwave Spectrometer: a window for observing the 10-20 GHz sky spectra
• Predictions for the diffuse cosmic dipole at radio frequencies from reionization imprints
• Feasibility of Cosmic Microwave Background Observations using Radiometers based on Whispering Gallery Mode Resonators
• SPECTER: An Instrument Concept for CMB Spectral Distortion Measurements with Enhanced Sensitivity
• The Balloon-Borne Cryogenic Telescope Testbed Mission: Bulk Cryogen Transfer at 40 km Altitude
• Investigation of Thermal Ground-State Effects in SU(2) Yang-Mills Thermodynamics
• Cosmological observations in the radio domain: the contribution of extragalactic sources