Discovery of slow X-ray pulsations in the high-mass X-ray binary 4U 2206+54

Abstract

The source 4U 2206+54 is one of the most enigmatic high-mass X-ray binaries. In spite of intensive searches, X-ray pulsations have not been detected in the time range 0.001-1000 s. A cyclotron line at ~30 keV has been suggested by various authors but never detected with significance. The stellar wind of the optical companion is abnormally slow. The orbital period, initially reported to be 9.6 days, disappeared and a new periodicity of 19.25 days emerged. Our new long and uninterrupted RXTE observations allow us to search for long (~1 hr) pulsations for the first time. We have discovered 5560-s pulsations in the light curve of 4U 2206+54. Initially detected in RXTE data, these pulsations are also present in INTEGRAL and EXOSAT observations. The average X-ray luminosity in the energy range 2-10 keV is 1.5 x 10^{35} erg s^{-1} with a ratio Fmax/Fmin ~ 5. This ratio implies an eccentricity of ~0.4, somewhat higher than previously suggested. The source also shows a soft excess at low energies. If the soft excess is modelled with a blackbody component, then the size and temperature of the emitting region agrees with its interpretation in terms of a hot spot on the neutron star surface. The source displays variability on time scales of days, presumably due to changes in the mass accretion rate as the neutron star moves around the optical companion in a moderately eccentric orbit.

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Cited by in corpus (14)

• ULX spectra revisited: Accreting, highly magnetized neutron stars as the engines of ultraluminous X-ray sources
• The hard X-ray emission of X Per
• Spectral and Timing Nature of the Symbiotic X-ray Binary 4U 1954+319: The Slowest Rotating Neutron Star in an X-ray Binary System
• The stellar and wind parameters of six prototypical HMXBs and their evolutionary status
• An XMM-Newton and NuSTAR study of IGR J18214-1318: a non-pulsating high-mass X-ray binary with a neutron star
• Orbital parameters of the high-mass X-ray binary 4U 2206+54
• On the spin-down mechanism of the X-ray pulsar 4U 2206+54
• Understanding the coexistence of spin-up and spin-down behaviors in long period X-ray pulsars
• The origin of the high-mass X-ray binary 4U 2206+54/BD +53 2790
• Fast time optical variability in Be/X-ray binaries. Pulsation and rotation
• Change in spin-down rate and detection of emission line in HMXB 4U 2206+54 with AstroSat observation
• The role of XMM-Newton in the investigation of persistent BeXRBs
• Long-term spin-down and low luminosity regime in the Be/X-ray binary pulsar GX 304-1
• Multiwavelength study of 1eRASS J085039.9-421151 with eROSITA NuSTAR and X-shooter