Observation of three-dimensional behavior in surface states of bismuth nanowires and the evidence for bulk Bi charge fractionalization

Abstract

Whereas bulk bismuth supports very-high mobility, light, Dirac electrons and holes in its interior, its boundaries support a layer of heavy electrons in surface states formed by spin orbit interaction in the presence of the surface electric field. Small diameter d trigonal Bi nanowires (30 nm < d < 200 nm) were studied via magnetotransport at low temperatures and for fields up to 14 T in order to investigate the role of surfaces in electronic transport. A two-dimensional behavior was expected for surface charges; however we found instead a three-dimensional behavior, with a rich spectrum of Landau levels in a nearly spherical Fermi surface. This is associated with the long penetration length of surface states of trigonal wires. The prospect of the participation of surface transport and surface-induced relaxation of bulk carriers in the electronic properties of macroscopic samples is evaluated. We show that recent observations of magnetoquantum peaks in the Nernst thermopower coefficient, attributed to two-dimensional electron gas charge fractionalization, can be more plausibly interpreted in terms of these surface states.

14 pages, 3 figures

References in corpus (4)

• Signatures of Electron Fractionalization in Ultraquantum Bismuth
• Confinement effects and surface-induced charge carriers in Bi Quantum Wires
• Quantum interference of surface states in bismuth nanowires probed by the Aharonov-Bohm oscillatory behavior of the magnetoresistance
• Transport anomalies across the quantum limit in semimetallic Bi${}_{0.96}$Sb${}_{0.04}$

Cited by in corpus (6)

• Evidence for semiconducting behavior with a narrow band gap of Bernal graphite
• Evidence of topological two-dimensional metallic surface states in thin bismuth nanoribbons
• Surface state band mobility and thermopower in semiconducting bismuth nanowires
• Bismuth in strong magnetic fields: unconventional Zeeman coupling and correlation effects
• Signatures of surface states in bismuth at high magnetic fields
• Thermoelectric prospects of nanomaterials with spin-orbit surface bands