Visualization of Superfluid Helium Flow

Abstract

We discuss an experimental technique to visualize the motion in the bulk of superfluid ${}^4$He by tracking micron-sized solid hydrogen tracers. The behavior of the tracers is complex since they may be trapped by the quantized vortices while also interacting with the normal fluid via Stokes drag. We discuss the mechanism by which tracers may be trapped by quantized vortices as well as the dependencies on hydrogen volume fraction, temperature, and flow properties. We apply this technique to study the dynamics of a thermal counterflow. Our observations serve as a direct confirmation of the two-fluid model as well as a quantitative test of the normal fluid velocity dependence on the applied heat flux.

7 pages, 7 figures, to appear in J. Phys. Soc. Japan

References in corpus (2)

• Characterization of reconnecting vortices in superfluid helium
• Velocity Statistics Distinguish Quantum Turbulence from Classical Turbulence

Cited by in corpus (26)

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• Visualization study of counterflow in superfluid helium-4 using metastable helium molecules
• Visualization of the normal-fluid turbulence in counterflowing superfluid 4He
• Numerical Studies of Quantum Turbulence
• Reconnection Dynamics for Quantized Vortices
• Quantum Turbulence
• Spectrum of turbulent Kelvin-waves cascade in superfluid helium
• Particles-vortex interactions and flow visualization in He4
• Countersuperflow instability in miscible two-component Bose-Einstein condensates
• An exploration of thermal counterflow in He II using particle tracking velocimetry
• Dynamics of the Density of Quantized Vortex-Lines in Superfluid Turbulence
• Counterflow quantum turbulence of He II in a square channel: Numerical analysis with nonuniform flows of the normal fluid
• Bogoliubov-wave turbulence in Bose-Einstein condensates
• Statistics of Lagrangian quantum turbulence
• Velocity Distributions of Tracer Particles in Thermal Counterflow in Superfluid ${}^4$He
• Superdiffusion of quantized vortices uncovering scaling behavior of quantum turbulence
• Characterizing vortex tangle properties in steady-state He II counterflow using particle tracking velocimetry
• Visualisation of quantised vortex reconnection as enabled by laser ablation
• Inhomogeneous distribution of particles in co-flow and counterflow quantum turbulence
• Turbulence in quantum fluids
• Molecular Tagging Velocimetry in Superfluid Helium-4: Progress, Issues, and Future Development
• Multi-scale energy budget of inertially driven turbulence in normal and superfluid helium
• Lagrangian quantum turbulence model based on alternating superfluid/ normal fluid stochastic dynamics
• Hydrodynamic Instability and Turbulence in Quantum Fluids
• Numerical Studies of Counterflow Turbulence, Velocity Distribution of Vortices
• Studies on quantum turbulence with Vinen