Topological superfluids with time reversal symmetry

Abstract

It is shown that superfluids in two and three dimensions which have time reversal invariant ground states have phases which are distinguished by a topological invariant. Further, it is shown that the B-phase of ${}^3$ He is a superfluid in the non-trivial topological class. Superfluids in the non-trivial topological class are shown to have gapless edge states and support various kinds of vortices with zero energy modes localized in their cores. Some of these vortices have non-abelian statistics.

5 pages

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