IPHAS discoveries of young stars towards Cyg OB2 and its southern periphery

Abstract

We report on the discovery of over 50 strong Halpha emitting objects towards the large OB association Cyg OB2 and the HII region DR 15 on its southern periphery. This was achieved using the INT Photometric Halpha Survey of the Northern Galactic Plane (IPHAS), combined with follow-up spectroscopy using the MMT multi-object spectrometer HectoSpec. We present optical spectra, supplemented with optical r', i' and Halpha photometry from IPHAS, and near-infrared J, H, and K photometry from 2MASS. The position of the objects in the (J - H) versus (H - K) diagram strongly suggests most of them are young. Many show CaII IR triplet emission indicating that they are in a pre-main sequence phase of evolution of T Tauri and Herbig Ae nature. Among these, we have uncovered pronounced clustering of T Tauri stars roughly a degree south of the centre of Cyg OB2, in an arc close to the HII region DR 15, and the radio ring nebula G79.29+0.46, for which we discuss its candidacy as a luminous blue variable (LBV). The emission line objects toward Cyg OB2 itself could be the brightest most prominent component of a population of lower mass pre-main sequence stars that has yet to be uncovered. Finally, we discuss the nature of the ongoing star formation in Cyg OB2 and the possibility that the central OB stars have triggered star formation in the periphery.

Accepted by MNRAS, 12 pages, 7 figures

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• Globules and pillars in Cygnus X. II. Massive star formation in the globule IRAS~20319+3958
• H$\alpha$ fluxes and extinction distances for planetary nebulae in the IPHAS survey of the Northern Galactic Plane
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• Mapping H$\alpha$-Excess Candidate Point Sources in the Southern Hemisphere Using S-PLUS Data
• MIRIS Paα Galactic Plane Survey. II. The Catalog of Paα Emission-line Sources