Do Ultraluminous X-Ray Sources Exist in Dwarf Galaxies?

Abstract

A thorough search for Ultraluminous X-ray source candidates within the Local Volume is made. The search spatially matches potential ULXs detected in X-ray images or cataloged in the literature with galaxies tabulated in the Catalog of Neighboring Galaxies compiled by Karachentsev et al. (2004). The specific ULX frequency (occurrence rate per unit galaxy mass) is found to be a decreasing function of host galaxy mass for host masses above $\sim 10^{8.5}$ solar mass. There is too little mass in galaxies below this point to determine if this trend continues to lower galaxy mass. No ULXs have yet been detected in lower-mass galaxies. Systematic differences between dwarf and giant galaxies that may explain an abundance of ULXs in dwarf galaxies and what they may imply about the nature of ULXs are discussed.

Accepted to ApJ

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• A Sample of Massive Black Holes in Dwarf Galaxies Detected via [Fe X] Coronal Line Emission: Active Galactic Nuclei and/or Tidal Disruption Events
• A new, clean catalogue of extragalactic non-nuclear X-ray sources in nearby galaxies
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• A Chandra and HST View of WISE-Selected AGN Candidates in Dwarf Galaxies
• A deficit of ultraluminous X-ray sources in luminous infrared galaxies
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• ChAInGeS: The Chandra Arp Interacting Galaxies Survey
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• An Environmental Study of the Ultraluminous X-ray Source Population in Early-type Galaxies
• An X-ray + Radio Search for Massive Black Holes in Blue Compact Dwarf Galaxies
• Black Holes In Young Stellar Clusters
• Metal-THINGS: On the metallicity and ionization of ULX sources in NGC 925
• Remnants of massive metal-poor stars: viable engines for ultra-luminous X-ray sources
• A catalogue sample of low mass galaxies observed in X-rays with central candidate black holes
• Exploring X-ray Binary Populations in Compact Group Galaxies with $Chandra$
• The metallicity of the nebula surrounding the ultra-luminous X-ray source NGC 1313 X-2