Polarization and frequency disentanglement of photons via stochastic polarization mode dispersion

Abstract

We investigate the quantum decoherence of frequency and polarization variables of photons via polarization mode dispersion in optical fibers. By observing the analogy between the propagation equation of the field and the Schrödinger equation, we develop a master equation under Markovian approximation and analytically solve for the field density matrix. We identify distinct decay behaviors for the polarization and frequency variables for single-photon and two-photon states. For the single photon case, purity functions indicate that complete decoherence for each variable is possible only for infinite fiber length. For entangled two-photon states passing through separate fibers, entanglement associated with each variable can be completely destroyed after characteristic finite propagation distances. In particular, we show that frequency disentanglement is independent of the initial polarization status. For propagation of two photons in a common fiber, the evolution of a polarization singlet state is addressed. We show that while complete polarization disentanglement occurs at a finite propagation distance, frequency entanglement could survive at any finite distance for gaussian states.

arXiv comment2 figures

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Cited by in corpus (4)

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• Time-frequency as quantum continuous variables
• Experimental Data from a Quantum Computer Verifies the Generalized Pauli Exclusion Principle
• Dependence of the decoherence of polarization states in phase-damping channels on the frequency spectrum envelope of photons