Forming Galaxies with MOND

Abstract

Beginning with a simple model for the growth of structure, I consider the dissipationless evolution of a MOND-dominated region in an expanding Universe by means of a spherically symmetric N-body code. I demonstrate that the final virialized objects resemble elliptical galaxies with well-defined relationships between the mass, radius, and velocity dispersion. These calculations suggest that, in the context of MOND, massive elliptical galaxies may be formed early (z > 10) as a result of monolithic dissipationless collapse. Then I reconsider the classic argument that a galaxy of stars results from cooling and fragmentation of a gas cloud on a time scale shorter than that of dynamical collapse. Qualitatively, the results are similar to that of the traditional picture; moreover, the existence, in MOND, of a density-temperature relation for virialized, near isothermal objects as well as a mass-temperature relation implies that there is a definite limit to the mass of a gas cloud where this condition can be met-- an upper limit corresponding to that of presently observed massive galaxies.

9 pages, 9 figures, revised in response to comments of referee. Table added, extended discussion, accepted MNRAS

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• The Universal Faber-Jackson Relation
• Reconciling MOND and dark matter?
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• The formation of early-type galaxies through monolithic collapse of gas clouds in Milgromian gravity
• Challenges for Lambda-CDM and MOND
• Spherical Collapse in Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND)
• Relaxation of N-body systems with additive r^-α interparticle forces
• Physics of galactic colliders: high speed satellites in LCDM vs MONDian cosmology
• Testing the Newton second law in the regime of small accelerations
• On the separation between baryonic and dark matter: evidence for phantom dark matter?
• Relaxation of spherical systems with long-range interactions: a numerical investigation
• Galaxy Bulges As Tests of CDM vs MOND in Strong Gravity
• What if the universe expands linearly? A local general relativity to solve the "zero active mass" problem
• The formation of compact massive relic galaxies in MOND
• Structure of the equivalent Newtonian systems in MOND N-body simulations. Density profiles and the core-cusp problem
• Dynamical friction in the quasi-linear formulation of modified Newtonian dynamics (QuMOND)
• Effect of generic dark matter halo on transonic accretion onto galactic black holes
• A Modified Mass Concept could explain both the Dark Matter and the Dark Energy Phenomenon
• The MOND Depth Index and Dynamical Maturity Clock: Toward a Universal Classification of Galaxies and Star Clusters
• Bimetric MOND as a framework for variable-$G$ theories -- local systems and cosmology