Deep MMT Transit Survey of the Open Cluster M37 II: Variable Stars

Abstract

We have conducted a deep ($15 \la r \la 23$), 20 night survey for transiting planets in the intermediate age ($\sim 550\mathrm{Myr}$) open cluster M37 (NGC 2099) using the Megacam wide-field mosaic CCD camera on the 6.5m Multiple Mirror Telescope (MMT). In this paper we present a catalog and light curves for 1445 variable stars; 1430 (99%) of these are new discoveries. We have discovered 20 new eclipsing binaries and 31 new short period ($P<1\mathrm{day}$) pulsating stars. The bulk of the variables are most likely rapidly rotating young low-mass stars, including a substantial number ($\ga 500$) that are members of the cluster. We identify and analyze five particularly interesting individual variables including a previously identified variable which we suggest is probably a hybrid $\gamma$ Doradus/$\delta$ Scuti pulsator, two possible quiescent cataclysmic variables, a detached eclipsing binary (DEB) with at least one $\gamma$ Doradus pulsating component (only the second such variable found in an eclipsing binary), and a low mass ($M_P\sim M_S\sim 0.6M_{\odot }$) DEB that is a possible cluster member. A preliminary determination of the physical parameters for the DEB+$\gamma$ Doradus system yields $M_P=1.58\pm 0.04M_{\odot }$, $M_S=1.58\pm 0.04M_{\odot }$, $R_P=1.39\pm 0.07R_{\odot }$ and $R_S=1.38\pm 0.07R_{\odot }$.

73 pages, 30 figures, 2 tables. Accepted for publication in ApJ. Version with high resolution figures available at http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/~jhartman/M37_2.ps.gz

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