Imprint of Distortions in the Oort Cloud on the CMB Anisotropies

Abstract

We study the effect of a close encounter of a passing star on the shape of the inner Oort Cloud, using the impulse approximation. The deviation of the perturbed Oort Cloud from sphericity adds angular fluctuations to the brightness of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) due to thermal emission by the comets. An encounter with a solar-mass star at an impact parameter of $1750 \au$, as expected based on the abundance and velocity dispersion of stars in the solar neighborhood, leads to a quadrupole moment in the square of the fractional CMB intensity fluctuation of $C_2=4.5\times 10^{-15},6.7\times 10^{-12},1.1\times 10^{-9}$ at $ν= 30, 353, 545 \GHz$ (these being the frequency bands of the upcoming Planck satellite). We also quantify the quadrupole spectral distortions produced by the Scattered Disc, which will exist regardless of any perturbation and the subsequent shape of the Oort Cloud. For comparison, the square fractional temperature fluctuation quadrupole moment predicted by the current cosmological model is $C_2=1.76\times 10^{-10}$, which corresponds to fluctuations in the CMB intensity of $C_2=2.9\times 10^{-10},6.8\times 10^{-9},1.6\times 10^{-8}$ at $ν= 30, 353, 545 \GHz$. Finally, we discuss how a measurement of the anisotropic spectral distortions could be used to constrain the trajectory of the closest stellar fly-by.

arXiv comment15 pages, 6 figures. Accepted by New Astronomy. Replaced with accepted version

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Cited by in corpus (6)

• The Simons Observatory: Galactic Science Goals and Forecasts
• Cosmologists in Search of Planet Nine: the Case for CMB Experiments
• Probing Oort clouds around Milky Way stars with CMB surveys
• Large Scale Traces of Solar System Cold Dust on CMB Anisotropies
• The Case for an Early Solar Binary Companion
• On the Transits of Solar System Objects in the Forthcoming PLANCK Mission: Data Flagging and Coeval Multifrequency Observations