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astro-ph.EP2026★ 1 cited

Evolution and Observable Properties of Rocky Planet Atmospheres

Marie-Luise Steinmeyer, Lena Noack, Philipp Baumeister +9

The atmospheric composition of rocky exoplanets offers an important tool for constraining the properties of the interior of this type of planet, beyond what is possible from measur…

astro-ph.EP2026

The small transiting planet population revealed by ESPRESSO with extreme precision radial velocities

M. J. Hobson, B. Lavie, F. Bouchy +35

Small planets are extremely common in the Galaxy, including planets with masses and radii between those of Earth and Neptune. Characterizing these planets' masses requires ultra-pr…

astro-ph.EP2026★ 4 cited

Europa's Lyman- emissions from HST/STIS observations

L. Roth, K. D. Retherford, J. Saur +13

An image of Lyman- (Ly) emission from Europa obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (HST/STIS) has previously provided the first eviden…

astro-ph.EP2026★ 1 cited

The multi-planet system TOI-5624: Four transiting sub-Neptunes with an outer companion revealed by transit-timing variations

A. Bonfanti, D. Gandolfi, P. Leonardi +96

Following the 2022 alert of a TESS object of interest transiting TOI-5624 (a G7 V star 100 pc away), a CHEOPS campaign in 2023 detected four planetary signals at $P_b\approx3…

astro-ph.EP2026★ 3 cited

Inhomogeneous magnetic coupling in exoplanets: the stop & go of WASP-18 b's atmospheric flows

Aljona Blöcker, Ludmila Carone, Christiane Helling

Early studies of ionization in hot Jupiter atmospheres suggest that magnetic coupling can shape their dynamics. These effects may be most pronounced in ultra-hot Jupiters that sust…

astro-ph.EP2026★ 1 cited

An Adolescent and Near-Resonant Planetary System Near the End of Photoevaporation

Mu-Tian Wang, Fei Dai, Hui-Gen Liu +28

Young exoplanets provide vital insights into the early dynamical and atmospheric evolution of planetary systems. Many multi-planet systems younger than 100 Myr exhibit mean-motion…

astro-ph.EP2026★ 1 cited

Gas-depleted planet formation occurred in the four-planet system around the red dwarf LHS 1903

Thomas G. Wilson, Anna M. Simpson, Andrew Collier Cameron +173

Small exoplanet radii show two populations, referred to as super-Earths and sub-Neptunes, separated by a gap known as the radius valley. This may be produced by the removal of atmo…

astro-ph.EP2026★ 1 cited

Investigating Circumstellar Atomic Radiation-driven Dynamics

A. Lehtmets, M. Kama, L. Fossati +1

The interactions between stars and their orbiting planets, driven by forces such as stellar radiation and gravity, play an essential role in shaping exoplanetary atmospheres and ga…

astro-ph.EP2025

Giant Outer Transiting Exoplanet Mass (GOTEM) Survey.VII. TOI-6041: a multi-planet system including a warm Neptune exhibiting strong TTVs

N. Heidari, A. Alnajjarine, H. P. Osborn +101

We present the characterization of the TOI-6041 system, a bright () G7-type star hosting at least two planets. The inner planet, TOI-6041b, is a warm Neptune wit…

astro-ph.EP2025★ 2 cited

Exoplanet climate characterization with transit asymmetries -- A comprehensive population study from the optical to the infrared

Ludmila Carone, Christiane Helling, Sebastian Gernjak +2

Space missions (CHEOPS, JWST, PLATO) facilitate detailed characterization of exoplanets. This work provides a framework to characterize cloud and climate properties of close-in gas…

astro-ph.EP2025

Mass determination of the three long-period Neptune- and sub-Neptune-sized planets transiting TOI-282

A. Barone, F. Rodler, D. Gandolfi +16

TOI-282 is a bright (V=9.38) F8 main-sequence star known to host three transiting long-period (=22.9 d, =56.0 d, and =84.3 d) small ( 2-4 ) p…

astro-ph.EP2025★ 2 cited

Magnetohydrodynamic simulation assessment of a potential near-ultraviolet early ingress in WASP-189b

Y. Duann, S. -H. Lai, H. J. Hoeijmakers +8

Ultra-hot Jupiters (UHJs) in close orbits around early-type stars provide natural laboratories for studying atmospheric escape and star-planet interactions under extreme irradiatio…

astro-ph.EP2025★ 6 cited

Horizontal and vertical exoplanet thermal structure from a JWST spectroscopic eclipse map

Ryan C. Challener, Megan Weiner Mansfield, Patricio E. Cubillos +33

Highly-irradiated giant exoplanets known as "ultra-hot Jupiters" are anticipated to exhibit large variations of atmospheric temperature and chemistry as a function of longitude, la…

astro-ph.EP2025★ 1 cited

The GAPS programme at TNG LXXI. A sub-Neptune suitable for atmospheric characterization in a multiplanet and mutually inclined system orbiting the bright K dwarf TOI-5789 (HIP 99452)

A. S. Bonomo, L. Naponiello, A. Sozzetti +37

Sub-Neptunes with planetary radii of are the most common planets around solar-type stars in short-period ( d) orbits. It is still unclear, howe…

astro-ph.EP2025★ 3 cited

Detection and characterisation of a 106-day transiting Jupiter : TOI-2449 b / NGTS-36 b

S. Ulmer-Moll, S. Gill, R. Brahm +64

Only a handful of transiting giant exoplanets with orbital periods longer than 100 days are known. These warm exoplanets are valuable objects as their radius and mass can be measur…

astro-ph.EP2025

Improved characterization of the TOI-2141 system: a dense sub-Neptune with non-transiting inner and outer companions

R. Luque, K. W. F. Lam, J. Cabrera +87

We aim to refine the fundamental parameters of the TOI-2141 planetary system, which includes a transiting sub-Neptune orbiting a Sun-like star in a relatively long orbit of 18.26 d…

astro-ph.EP2025★ 7 cited

MINDS. Strong oxygen depletion in the inner regions of a very low-mass star disk?

Jayatee Kanwar, Inga Kamp, Peter Woitke +10

JWST is discovering a plethora of species in planet-forming disks around very low-mass stars such as C2H2, C6H6, C4H2, CH3 etc. The column densities of these species retrieved from…

astro-ph.EP2025★ 2 cited

Accelerating exoplanet climate modelling: A machine learning approach to complement 3D GCM grid simulations

Alexander Plaschzug, Amit Reza, Ludmila Carone +2

With the development of ever-improving telescopes capable of observing exoplanet atmospheres in greater detail and number, there is a growing demand for enhanced 3D climate models…

astro-ph.EP2025★ 5 cited

The SPACE Program. I. The featureless spectrum of HD 86226 c challenges sub-Neptune atmosphere trends

K. Angelique Kahle, Jasmina Blecic, Reza Ashtari +26

Sub-Neptune exoplanets are the most abundant type of planet known today. As they do not have a Solar System counterpart, many open questions exist about their composition and forma…

astro-ph.EP2025★ 3 cited

Origin of Ganymede and the Galilean Moons

Yuhito Shibaike, Yann Alibert

Ganymede and the Galilean moons formed in a small gas disc around the gas-accreting proto-Jupiter, known as the circum-Jovian disc (CJD). The formation process of the satellites oc…

astro-ph.EP2025★ 28 cited

MINDS: The very low-mass star and brown dwarf sample. Detections and trends in the inner disk gas

A. M. Arabhavi, I. Kamp, Th. Henning +22

Planet-forming disks around brown dwarfs and very low-mass stars (VLMS) are on average less massive and are expected to undergo faster radial solid transport than their higher mass…

astro-ph.EP2025★ 4 cited

NLTE atmospheric modelling of the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-178b and comparison with UV and optical observations

L. Fossati, A. G. Sreejith, T. Koskinen +6

We model the atmosphere of the ultra-hot Jupiter (UHJ) WASP-178b accounting for NLTE effects and compare synthetic transmission spectra with NUV and optical observations. We use th…

astro-ph.EP2025★ 8 cited

Dark skies of the slightly eccentric WASP-18 b from its optical-to-infrared dayside emission

A. Deline, P. E. Cubillos, L. Carone +86

We performed a joint analysis of phase-curve observations of the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-18 b from the visible to the mid-infrared, using data from CHEOPS, TESS and Spitzer. We aim…

astro-ph.EP2025

MINDS. Anatomy of a water-rich, inclined, brown dwarf disk: lack of abundant hydrocarbons

Giulia Perotti, Nicolás T. Kurtovic, Thomas Henning +23

2MASS J04381486+2611399 (or J0438) is one of the few young brown dwarfs (BD) with a highly inclined () disk. Here we report results from JWST-MIRI MRS, HST-ACS a…