43 citations
2 papers
nlin.AO2005★ 43 cited
An Overview of Complex Adaptive Systems
E. Ahmed, A. S. Elgazzar, A. S. Hegazi
Almost every biological, economic and social system is a complex adaptive system (CAS). Mathematical and computer models are relevant to CAS. Some approaches to modeling CAS are gi…
nlin.AO2005★ 1 cited
On complex adaptive systems and terrorism
E. Ahmed, A. S. Elgazzar, A. S. Hegazi
Complex adaptive systems (CAS) are ubiquitous in nature. They are basic in social sciences. An overview of CAS is given with emphasize on the occurrence of bad side effects to seem…