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math.GT2025
Vassiliev invariants for virtual knotoids
Siqi Ding, Xiaobo Jin, Fengchun Lei +2
In this paper, we introduce the 0-smoothing invariant of virtual knotoids constructed from local modification at classical crossings, which take values in a free $\ma…
math.GT2025
Amalgamations along surfaces with boundary in a handlebody
Siqi Ding, Fengchun Lei, Wei Lin +1
Let M be a connected orientable 3-manifold, and F a compact connected orientable surface properly embedded in M. If F cuts M into two connected 3-manifolds X and Y, that is, M=X \c…
math.GT2025
A three-variable transcendental invariant of planar knotoids via Gauss diagrams
Wandi Feng, Fengling Li, Andrei Vesnin
As a generalization of the classical knots, knotoids are equivalence classes of immersions of the oriented unit interval in a surface. In recent years, a variety of invariants of s…