Topological Defects in Ferromagnetic, Antiferromagnetic and Cyclic Spinor Condensates -- A Homotopy Theory

Yunbo Zhang, Harri Mäkelä, Kalle-Antti Suominen

We apply the homotopy group theory in classifying the topological defects in atomic spin-1 and spin-2 Bose-Einstein condensates. The nature of the defects depends crucially on the…