7 citations · 7 across the 5 of their papers we have counts for
7 papers
Using Static Charge on Pyroelectric Crystals to Produce Self Focusing Electron and Ion Beams and Transport Through Tubes
James D. Brownridge, Stephen M. Shafroth
Static charge in and on the surface of pyroelectric crystals of LiNbO3 and LiTaO3 in a dilute gas has been shown to ionize gas molecules via electron tunneling. The released electr…
Polar Concentration of Elements in Tree Leaves
James D. Brownridge
A long-term study of the elements Mg, Al, Si, P, Ca, S, Cl, Fe and Mn in leaves is in progress. The objective of this study is to develop a week-by-week profile of these elements i…
Pressure Dependence of Energetic (160 keV) Focused Electron Beams Arising From Heated or Cooled (LiNbO3) Pyroelectric Crystals
James D. Brownridge, Stephen M. Shafroth
A new effect, gas amplification of electron energy is reported here; namely when a cylindrical pyroelectric crystal such as (LiNbO3) is contained in a concentric cylindrical chambe…
Electron Beam Production by Pyroelectric Crystals
James D. Brownridge, Stephen M. Shafroth
Pyroelectric crystals are used to produce self-focused electron beams with energies greater than 170 keV. No high voltage power supply or electron gun is needed. The system works b…
Saturation of Spontaneous Polarization Charge in Pyroelectric Crystals of LiNbO3, LiTaO3 and CsNO3 at Low Temperature Above 4.2 K
James D. Brownridge, Sol Raboy
Experimental observations of the change in the polarization charge of pyroelectric crystals of LiNbO3, LiTaO3 and CsNO3, as the temperature of the crystal is changed from about 300…
Electrical Indicator of Imminent Freezing in Supercooled Water
James D. Brownridge
Data is presented that demonstrate electrical activity and evidences of dipole alignment in supercooled water and heavy water before and after the onset of freezing. Voltage signal…