6 papers
Symmetry Packaging II: A Group-Theoretic Framework for Packaging Under Finite, Compact, Higher-Form, and Hybrid Symmetries
Rongchao Ma
Symmetry packaging is the phenomenon whereby, upon particle creation, all the internal quantum numbers (IQNs) become locked into a single irreducible representation (irrep) block o…
Symmetry Packaging I: Irreducible Representation Blocks, Superselection, and Packaged Entanglement in Quantum Field Theory
Rongchao Ma
We introduce the concept of symmetry packaging for quantum field excitations: in a quantum field theory with a gauge group , every local creation operator carries its full set o…
Packaged Quantum States for Gauge-Invariant Quantum Computation and Communication
Rongchao Ma
Packaged quantum states are gauge-invariant states in which all internal quantum numbers (IQNs) form an inseparable block. This feature gives rise to novel packaged entanglements t…
Packaged Quantum States in Field Theory: No Partial Factorization, Multi-Particle Packaging, and Hybrid Gauge-Invariant Entanglement
Rongchao Ma
We demonstrate that quantum field excitations can generate packaged entangled states, in which all internal quantum numbers (IQNs) (e.g., electric charge, flavor, and color) are in…
Packaged Quantum States for Quantum Simulation of Lattice Gauge Theories
Rongchao Ma
We develop a mathematical framework for the quantum simulation of lattice gauge theories using gauge-invariant packaged quantum states \cite{Ma2017,Ma2025}. In this formalism, ever…
Melting through Barrier-Crossing: The Role of Equilibrium Thermally Activated Particles
Rongchao Ma
Melting is often understood in purely equilibrium terms, where crystalline order disappears once the free energy of the solid equals that of the liquid. Yet at the microscopic leve…