Uncertainty in Hadronic Diffuse ${\hat{I}}^3$-Ray Emission from the Temporal Stochasticity of Cosmic-Ray Sources

Xing-Jian Lv, Xiao-Jun Bi, Kun Fang +3

Diffuse ${\hat{I}}^3$-ray emission is a key probe of cosmic rays (CRs) distribution within the Galaxy. However, the discrepancies between observations and theoretical model expectations hig…