Surface effects and turbulent pressure. Assessing the Gas-${\Gamma }_1$ and Reduced-${\Gamma }_1$ empirical models

K. Belkacem, F. Kupka, J. Philidet +1

The use of the full potential of stellar seismology is made difficult by the improper modeling of the upper-most layers of solar-like stars and their influence on the modeled frequ…