6 papers
Kimi K3: Open Frontier Intelligence
Kimi Team, Tongtong Bai, Yifan Bai +398
We introduce Kimi K3, a 2.8T parameter Mixture-of-Experts model with 104 billion activated parameters, native vision capabilities, and a 1-million-token context window. Kimi K3 is…
Attention Residuals
Kimi Team, Guangyu Chen, Yu Zhang +34
Residual connections with PreNorm are standard in modern LLMs, yet they accumulate all layer outputs with fixed unit weights. This uniform aggregation causes uncontrolled hidden-st…
Kimi K2: Open Agentic Intelligence
Kimi Team, Yifan Bai, Yiping Bao +195
We introduce Kimi K2, a Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) large language model with 32 billion activated parameters and 1 trillion total parameters. We propose the MuonClip optimizer, which…
Kimi K2.5: Visual Agentic Intelligence
Kimi Team, Tongtong Bai, Yifan Bai +339
We introduce Kimi K2.5, an open-source multimodal agentic model designed to advance general agentic intelligence. K2.5 emphasizes the joint optimization of text and vision so that…
Kimi-VL Technical Report
Kimi Team, Angang Du, Bohong Yin +92
We present Kimi-VL, an efficient open-source Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) vision-language model (VLM) that offers advanced multimodal reasoning, long-context understanding, and strong…
Muon is Scalable for LLM Training
Jingyuan Liu, Jianlin Su, Xingcheng Yao +25
Recently, the Muon optimizer based on matrix orthogonalization has demonstrated strong results in training small-scale language models, but the scalability to larger models has not…