Self-energy problem, vacuum polarization, and dual symmetry in Born-Infeld-type $U(1)$ gauge theories

Ali Dehghani, Mohammad Reza Setare, Soodeh Zarepour

We extensively explore three different aspects of Born-Infeld (BI) type nonlinear $U(1)$ gauge-invariant modifications of Maxwell's classical electrodynamics (also known as BI-type…