Safeguarding AI in Medical Imaging: Post-Hoc Out-of-Distribution Detection with Normalizing Flows

Dariush Lotfi, Mohammad-Ali Nikouei Mahani, Mohamad Koohi-Moghadam +1

In AI-driven medical imaging, the failure to detect out-of-distribution (OOD) data poses a severe risk to clinical reliability, potentially leading to critical diagnostic errors. C…