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cs.CL2025

Exploring Performance Variations in Finetuned Translators of Ultra-Low Resource Languages: Do Linguistic Differences Matter?

Isabel Gonçalves, Paulo Cavalin, Claudio Pinhanez

Finetuning pre-trained language models with small amounts of data is a commonly-used method to create translators for ultra-low resource languages such as endangered Indigenous lan…

cs.CL2025

CAT: A Metric-Driven Framework for Analyzing the Consistency-Accuracy Relation of LLMs under Controlled Input Variations

Paulo Cavalin, Cassia Sanctos, Marcelo Grave +2

We introduce \textsc{CAT}, a framework designed to evaluate and visualize the \emph{interplay} of \emph{accuracy} and \emph{response consistency} of Large Language Models (LLMs) un…

cs.CL2025

Improving Score Reliability of Multiple Choice Benchmarks with Consistency Evaluation and Altered Answer Choices

Paulo Cavalin, Cassia Sanctos, Marcelo Grave +2

In this work we present the Consistency-Rebalanced Accuracy (CoRA) metric, improving the reliability of Large Language Model (LLM) scores computed on multiple choice (MC) benchmark…

cs.CL2025

The Non-Determinism of Small LLMs: Evidence of Low Answer Consistency in Repetition Trials of Standard Multiple-Choice Benchmarks

Claudio Pinhanez, Paulo Cavalin, Cassia Sanctos +2

This work explores the consistency of small LLMs (2B-8B parameters) in answering multiple times the same question. We present a study on known, open-source LLMs responding to 10 re…

cs.CL2025

Sentence-level Aggregation of Lexical Metrics Correlates Stronger with Human Judgements than Corpus-level Aggregation

Paulo Cavalin, Pedro Henrique Domingues, Claudio Pinhanez

In this paper we show that corpus-level aggregation hinders considerably the capability of lexical metrics to accurately evaluate machine translation (MT) systems. With empirical e…

cs.CL2024

Harnessing the Power of Artificial Intelligence to Vitalize Endangered Indigenous Languages: Technologies and Experiences

Claudio Pinhanez, Paulo Cavalin, Luciana Storto +9

Since 2022 we have been exploring application areas and technologies in which Artificial Intelligence (AI) and modern Natural Language Processing (NLP), such as Large Language Mode…