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The role of the chromospheric magnetic canopy in the formation of a sunspot penumbra
P. Lindner, C. Kuckein, S. J. González Manrique +3
While it is being conjectured that a chromospheric canopy plays a role in penumbra formation, it has been difficult to find observational evidence of the connectivity between the p…
Comprehensive radiative MHD simulations of eruptive flares above collisional polarity inversion lines
Matthias Rempel, Georgios Chintzoglou, Mark C. M. Cheung +2
We present a new simulation setup using the MURaM radiative Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) code that allows to study the formation of collisional polarity inversion lines (cPILs) in the…
Identifying preflare spectral features using explainable artificial intelligence
Brandon Panos, Lucia Kleint, Jonas Zbinden
The prediction of solar flares is of practical and scientific interest; however, many machine learning methods used for this prediction task do not provide the physical explanation…
Investigating datasets with high IRIS burst prevalence
C. J. Nelson, L. Kleint
Approximately 0.01 % of all Si IV 1394 A spectra sampled in 2013 and 2014 by the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) have IRIS burst profiles. However, these events are no…
Optimal spectral lines for measuring chromospheric magnetic fields
P. Judge, P. Bryans, R. Casini +4
This paper identifies spectral lines from X-ray to infrared wavelengths which are optimally suited to measuring vector magnetic fields as high as possible in the solar atmosphere.…
IRIS burst properties in active regions
C. J. Nelson, L. Kleint
Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) bursts are localised features thought to be driven by magnetic reconnection. Although these events are well-studied, it remains unknown…
Occurrence and Statistics of IRIS Bursts
Lucia Kleint, Brandon Panos
Small reconnection events in the lower solar atmosphere can lead to its heating, but whether such heating can propagate into higher atmospheric layers and potentially contribute to…
Measurements of Photospheric and Chromospheric Magnetic Field Structures Associated with Chromospheric Heating over a Solar Plage Region
Tetsu Anan, Thomas A. Schad, Reizaburo Kitai +6
In order to investigate the relation between magnetic structures and the signatures of heating in plage regions, we observed a plage region with the He I 1083.0 nm and Si I 1082.7…
STIX X-ray microflare observations during the Solar Orbiter commissioning phase
Andrea Francesco Battaglia, Jonas Saqri, Paolo Massa +34
The Spectrometer/Telescope for Imaging X-rays (STIX) is the HXR instrument onboard Solar Orbiter designed to observe solar flares over a broad range of flare sizes, between 4-150 k…
Measuring the magnetic origins of solar flares, CMEs and Space Weather
Philip Judge, Matthias Rempel, Rana Ezzeddine +11
We take a broad look at the problem of identifying the magnetic solar causes of space weather. With the lackluster performance of extrapolations based upon magnetic field measureme…
Exploring mutual information between IRIS spectral lines. II. Calculating the most probable response in all spectral windows
Brandon Panos, Lucia Kleint
A three-dimensional picture of the solar atmosphere's thermodynamics can be obtained by jointly analyzing multiple spectral lines that span many formation heights. In paper I, we f…
Exploring mutual information between IRIS spectral lines. I. Correlations between spectral lines during solar flares and within the quiet Sun
Brandon Panos, Lucia Kleint, Sviatoslav Voloshynovskiy
Spectral lines allow us to probe the thermodynamics of the solar atmosphere, but the shape of a single spectral line may be similar for different thermodynamic solutions. Multiline…
A comparison of the active region upflow and core properties using simultaneous spectroscopic observations from IRIS and Hinode
Krzysztof Barczynski, Louise Harra, Lucia Kleint +2
The origin of the slow solar wind is still an open issue. It has been suggested that upflows at the edge of active regions (AR) can contribute to the slow solar wind. Here, we comp…
Energy budget of plasma motions, heating, and electron acceleration in a three-loop solar flare
Gregory D. Fleishman, Lucia Kleint, Galina G. Motorina +2
Non-potential magnetic energy promptly released in solar flares is converted to other forms of energy. This may include nonthermal energy of flare-accelerated particles, thermal en…
New light on an old problem of the cores of solar resonance lines
Philip Judge, Lucia Kleint, Jorrit Leenaarts +2
We re-examine a 50+ year-old problem of deep central reversals predicted for strong solar spectral lines, in contrast to the smaller reversals seen in observations. We examine data…
The Statistical Relationship between White-light Emission and Photospheric Magnetic Field Changes in Flares
J. S. Castellanos Durán, L. Kleint
Continuum emission, also called white-light emission (WLE), and permanent changes of the magnetic field () are often observed during solar flares. But their relati…
Determining the dynamics and magnetic fields in He I 10830 Å during a solar filament eruption
C. Kuckein, S. J. González Manrique, L. Kleint +1
We investigate the dynamics and magnetic properties of the plasma, such as line-of-sight velocity (LOS), optical depth, vertical and horizontal magnetic fields, belonging to an eru…
High-resolution observations of the solar photosphere, chromosphere and transition region. A database of coordinated IRIS and SST observations
L. H. M. Rouppe van der Voort, B. De Pontieu, M. Carlsson +30
NASA's Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) provides high resolution observations of the solar atmosphere through UV spectroscopy and imaging. Since the launch of IRIS in J…
Real-time flare prediction based on distinctions between flaring and non-flaring active region spectra
Brandon Panos, Lucia Kleint
With machine learning entering into the awareness of the heliophysics community, solar flare prediction has become a topic of increased interest. Although machine learning models h…
Mapping the magnetic field of flare coronal loops
D. Kuridze, M. Mathioudakis, H. Morgan +9
Here we report on the unique observation of flaring coronal loops at the solar limb using high resolution imaging spectropolarimetry from the Swedish 1-meter Solar Telescope. The v…
Joint X-ray, EUV and UV Observations of a Small Microflare
Iain G. Hannah, Lucia Kleint, Säm Krucker +5
We present the first joint observation of a small microflare in X-rays with the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope ARray (NuSTAR), UV with the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (I…
Heating of the solar photosphere during a white-light flare
Jan Jurcak, Jana Kasparova, Michal Svanda +1
The \ion{Fe}{i} lines observed by the Hinode/SOT spectropolarimeter were always seen in absorption, apart from the extreme solar limb. Here we analyse a unique dataset capturing th…
High-Density Off-Limb Flare Loops Observed by SDO
S. Jejčič, L. Kleint, P. Heinzel
The density distribution of flare loops and the mechanisms of their emission in the continuum are still open questions. On September 10, 2017 a prominent loop system appeared durin…
Nonlinear force-free modeling of flare-related magnetic field changes at the photosphere and chromosphere
Lucia Kleint, Michael S. Wheatland, Alpha Mastrano +1
Rapid and stepwise changes of the magnetic field are often observed during flares but cannot be explained by models yet. Using a 45 min sequence of SDO/HMI 135 s fast-cadence vecto…