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Juno Microwave Radiometer Observations Reveal A Warmer Polar Atmosphere on Jupiter
Jiheng Hu, Cheng Li, Sushil K. Atreya +15
The intriguing circumpolar cyclone pattern at Jupiter's poles raises fundamental questions about how these systems are organized vertically and, further, how the planet's internal…
Molecular diversity as a biosignature
Gideon Yoffe, Fabian Klenner, Barak Sober +2
The search for life in the Solar System hinges on data from planetary missions. Detecting biosignatures based on molecular identity, isotopic composition, or chiral excess requires…
From gas to ice giants: A unified mechanism for equatorial jets
Keren Duer-Milner, Nimrod Gavriel, Eli Galanti +2
The equatorial jets dominating the dynamics of the Jovian planets exhibit two distinct types of zonal flows: strongly eastward in the gas giants (superrotation) and strongly westwa…
Fluorescent Biomolecules Detectable in Near-Surface Ice on Europa
Gideon Yoffe, Keren Duer, Tom Andre Nordheim +2
Europa, Jupiter's second Galilean moon, is believed to host a subsurface ocean in contact with a rocky mantle, where hydrothermal activity may drive the synthesis of organic molecu…
Dynamical constraints on the vertical structure of Jupiter's polar cyclones
Nimrod Gavriel, Yohai Kaspi
Jupiter's poles feature striking polygons of cyclones that drift westward over time, a motion governed by beta-drift (vortex motion caused by the latitudinal variation of the Corio…
Depth Dependent Dynamics Explain the Equatorial Jet Difference Between Jupiter and Saturn
Keren Duer, Eli Galanti, Yohai Kaspi
Jupiter's equatorial eastward zonal flows reach wind velocities of ~100 m/s, while on Saturn they are three times as strong and extend about twice as wide in latitude, despite the…
NeuralCMS: A deep learning approach to study Jupiter's interior
Maayan Ziv, Eli Galanti, Amir Sheffer +3
NASA's Juno mission provided exquisite measurements of Jupiter's gravity field that together with the Galileo entry probe atmospheric measurements constrains the interior structure…
Gas Giant Simulations of Eddy-Driven Jets Accompanied by Deep Meridional Circulation
Keren Duer, Eli Galanti, Yohai Kaspi
Jupiter's atmosphere comprises several dynamical regimes: the equatorial eastward flows and surrounding retrograde jets; the midlatitudes, with the eddy-driven, alternating jet-str…
The westward drift of Jupiter's polar cyclones explained by a center-of-mass approach
Nimrod Gavriel, Yohai Kaspi
The first orbits around Jupiter of the Juno spacecraft in 2016 revealed a symmetric structure of multiple cyclones that remained stable over the next five years. Trajectories of in…
The Shape of Jupiter and Saturn Based on Atmospheric Dynamics, Radio Occultations and Gravity Measurements
Eli Galanti, Yohai Kaspi, Tristan Guillot
The shape of the two gas giants, Jupiter and Saturn, is determined primarily by their rotation rate, and interior density distribution. It is also affected by their zonal winds, ca…
Jupiter Science Enabled by ESA's Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer
Leigh N. Fletcher, Thibault Cavalié, Davide Grassi +47
ESA's Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE) will provide a detailed investigation of the Jovian system in the 2030s, combining a suite of state-of-the-art instruments with an orbital…
Jupiter's interior from Juno: Equation-of-state uncertainties and dilute core extent
S. Howard, T. Guillot, M. Bazot +10
The Juno mission has provided measurements of Jupiter s gravity field with an outstanding level of accuracy, leading to better constraints on the interior of the planet. Improving…
The Oscillatory Motion of Jupiter's Polar Cyclones Results From Vorticity Dynamics
Nimrod Gavriel, Yohai Kaspi
The polar cyclone at Jupiter's south pole and the five cyclones surrounding it oscillate in position and interact. These cyclones, observed since 2016 by NASA's Juno mission, prese…
Jupiter's inhomogeneous envelope
Y. Miguel, M. Bazot, T. Guillot +13
While Jupiter's massive gas envelope consists mainly of hydrogen and helium, the key to understanding Jupiter's formation and evolution lies in the distribution of the remaining (h…
Dynamical regimes of polar vortices on terrestrial planets with a seasonal cycle
Ilai Guendelman, Darryn W. Waugh, Yohai Kaspi
Polar vortices are common planetary flows that encircle the pole in the middle or high latitudes, and are observed on most of the solar systems' planetary atmospheres. The polar vo…
Theory of Figures to the 7th order and the interiors of Jupiter and Saturn
N. Nettelmann, N. Movshovitz, D. Ni +6
Interior modeling of Jupiter and Saturn has advanced to a state where thousands of models are generated that cover the uncertainty space of many parameters. This approach demands a…
Jupiter's Temperate Belt/Zone Contrasts Revealed at Depth by Juno Microwave Observations
L. N. Fletcher, F. A. Oyafuso, M. Allison +12
Juno Microwave Radiometer (MWR) observations of Jupiter's mid-latitudes reveal a strong correlation between brightness temperature contrasts and zonal winds, confirming that the ba…
The number and location of Jupiter's circumpolar cyclones explained by vorticity dynamics
Nimrod Gavriel, Yohai Kaspi
The Juno mission observed that both poles of Jupiter have polar cyclones that are surrounded by a ring of circumpolar cyclones. The North Pole holds eight circumpolar cyclones and…
Evidence for multiple Ferrel-like cells on Jupiter
Keren Duer, Nimrod Gavriel, Eli Galanti +14
Jupiter's atmosphere is dominated by multiple jet streams which are strongly tied to its 3D atmospheric circulation. Lacking a rigid bottom boundary, several models exist for how t…
The emergence of a summer hemisphere jet in planetary atmospheres
Ilai Guendelman, Darryn W. Waugh, Yohai Kaspi
Zonal jets are common in planetary atmospheres. Their character, structure, and seasonal variability depend on the planetary parameters. During solstice on Earth and Mars, there is…
Constraints on the latitudinal profile of Jupiter's deep jets
E. Galanti, Y. Kaspi, K. Duer +7
The observed zonal winds at Jupiter's cloud tops have been shown to be closely linked to the asymmetric part of the planet's measured gravity field. However, other measurements sug…
Combined magnetic and gravity measurements probe the deep zonal flows of the gas giants
Eli Galanti, Yohai Kaspi
During the past few years, both the Cassini mission at Saturn and the Juno mission at Jupiter, provided measurements with unprecedented accuracy of the gravity and magnetic fields…
The range of Jupiter's flow structures fitting the Juno asymmetric gravity measurements
Keren Duer, Eli Galanti, Yohai Kaspi
The asymmetric gravity field measured by the Juno spacecraft allowed estimation of the depth of Jupiter's zonal jets, showing that the winds extend approximately km beneath…
Atmospheric dynamics on terrestrial planets with eccentric orbits
Ilai Guendelman, Yohai Kaspi
The insolation a planet receives from its parent star is the main driver of the climate and depends on the planet's orbital configuration. Planets with non-zero obliquity and eccen…