activity
20152025
most citedStereotyping and Bias in the Flickr30K Dataset

61 citations · 145 across the 14 of their papers we have counts for

collaborators

18 papers

cs.CL2025

Natural Language Generation

Emiel van Miltenburg, Chenghua Lin

This article provides a brief overview of the field of Natural Language Generation. The term Natural Language Generation (NLG), in its broadest definition, refers to the study of s…

cs.CL2025

Dual use issues in the field of Natural Language Generation

Emiel van Miltenburg

This report documents the results of a recent survey in the SIGGEN community, focusing on Dual Use issues in Natural Language Generation (NLG). SIGGEN is the Special Interest Group…

cs.CL2024

Image captioning in different languages

Emiel van Miltenburg

This short position paper provides a manually curated list of non-English image captioning datasets (as of May 2024). Through this list, we can observe the dearth of datasets in di…

cs.CL2023★ 1 cited

Evaluating Task-oriented Dialogue Systems: A Systematic Review of Measures, Constructs and their Operationalisations

Anouck Braggaar, Christine Liebrecht, Emiel van Miltenburg +1

This review gives an extensive overview of evaluation methods for task-oriented dialogue systems, paying special attention to practical applications of dialogue systems, for exampl…

cs.CL2023★ 4 cited

Missing Information, Unresponsive Authors, Experimental Flaws: The Impossibility of Assessing the Reproducibility of Previous Human Evaluations in NLP

Anya Belz, Craig Thomson, Ehud Reiter +39

We report our efforts in identifying a set of previous human evaluations in NLP that would be suitable for a coordinated study examining what makes human evaluations in NLP more/le…

cs.CL2023

Evaluating NLG systems: A brief introduction

Emiel van Miltenburg

This year the International Conference on Natural Language Generation (INLG) will feature an award for the paper with the best evaluation. The purpose of this award is to provide a…

cs.CL2022★ 2 cited

Implicit causality in GPT-2: a case study

Hien Huynh, Tomas O. Lentz, Emiel van Miltenburg

This case study investigates the extent to which a language model (GPT-2) is able to capture native speakers' intuitions about implicit causality in a sentence completion task. We…

cs.CL2021★ 1 cited

Underreporting of errors in NLG output, and what to do about it

Emiel van Miltenburg, Miruna-Adriana Clinciu, Ondřej Dušek +8

We observe a severe under-reporting of the different kinds of errors that Natural Language Generation systems make. This is a problem, because mistakes are an important indicator o…

cs.CL2021★ 12 cited

Automatic Construction of Evaluation Suites for Natural Language Generation Datasets

Simon Mille, Kaustubh D. Dhole, Saad Mahamood +5

Machine learning approaches applied to NLP are often evaluated by summarizing their performance in a single number, for example accuracy. Since most test sets are constructed as an…

cs.CL2021★ 52 cited

The GEM Benchmark: Natural Language Generation, its Evaluation and Metrics

Sebastian Gehrmann, Tosin Adewumi, Karmanya Aggarwal +53

We introduce GEM, a living benchmark for natural language Generation (NLG), its Evaluation, and Metrics. Measuring progress in NLG relies on a constantly evolving ecosystem of auto…

cs.CL2021

Preregistering NLP Research

Emiel van Miltenburg, Chris van der Lee, Emiel Krahmer

Preregistration refers to the practice of specifying what you are going to do, and what you expect to find in your study, before carrying out the study. This practice is increasing…

cs.CL2020

On the use of human reference data for evaluating automatic image descriptions

Emiel van Miltenburg

Automatic image description systems are commonly trained and evaluated using crowdsourced, human-generated image descriptions. The best-performing system is then determined using s…

cs.CL2019★ 2 cited

Neural data-to-text generation: A comparison between pipeline and end-to-end architectures

Thiago Castro Ferreira, Chris van der Lee, Emiel van Miltenburg +1

Traditionally, most data-to-text applications have been designed using a modular pipeline architecture, in which non-linguistic input data is converted into natural language throug…

cs.CL2017

Cross-linguistic differences and similarities in image descriptions

Emiel van Miltenburg, Desmond Elliott, Piek Vossen

Automatic image description systems are commonly trained and evaluated on large image description datasets. Recently, researchers have started to collect such datasets for language…

cs.CL2017★ 8 cited

Room for improvement in automatic image description: an error analysis

Emiel van Miltenburg, Desmond Elliott

In recent years we have seen rapid and significant progress in automatic image description but what are the open problems in this area? Most work has been evaluated using text-base…

cs.CL2016

Pragmatic factors in image description: the case of negations

Emiel van Miltenburg, Roser Morante, Desmond Elliott

We provide a qualitative analysis of the descriptions containing negations (no, not, n't, nobody, etc) in the Flickr30K corpus, and a categorization of negation uses. Based on this…

cs.CL2016★ 61 cited

Stereotyping and Bias in the Flickr30K Dataset

Emiel van Miltenburg

An untested assumption behind the crowdsourced descriptions of the images in the Flickr30K dataset (Young et al., 2014) is that they "focus only on the information that can be obta…

cs.CL2015★ 2 cited

Detecting and ordering adjectival scalemates

Emiel van Miltenburg

This paper presents a pattern-based method that can be used to infer adjectival scales, such as <lukewarm, warm, hot>, from a corpus. Specifically, the proposed method uses lexical…